China launched the “critical battle against poverty” nationwide in 2012. As its main battlefield, Yunnan province promulgated the “triple medical security” (TMS) policy in 2017. This study, based on the pooled cross-section database of 2015–2020 of registered poor households in Yunnan province, employed the logit model to examine the effect of TMS on the vulnerability as expected poverty (VEP) of these households. It found that increasing the reimbursement rates for overall medical expenses and inpatient expenses and decreasing the proportion of out-of-pocket medical payment to income reduced the VEP; increases in the number of sick people in the family increased its VEP, and although the increase in the reimbursement rate for overall medical expenses or for inpatient expenses partially offset the VEP caused by the increase in the number of chronically ill people in the family, the VEP caused by the increase in the number of critically ill people would increase in the short term with the increase in the reimbursement rate for overall medical expenses or for inpatient expenses. The findings help improve policies concerning the medical security and health of the rural poor population, providing theoretical reference and practical guidance for future research.

Exploring the market-oriented allocation of resources is a significant topic in both academic research and government reform. In China, local governments have a monopoly over the supply of primary urban land, leading to an underdeveloped land market. This study examined the supply of primary urban land in China to assess whether enhancing the centralization of land supply by local governments improves the efficiency and equity of market-oriented resource allocation. Using a comprehensive dataset that includes parcel-level data (1,070,823 observations) and city-level data (251 cities) from 2007 to 2021, this study constructs an econometric model. The estimation results indicate that a greater degree of centralization in the primary urban land market improves market-based resource allocation and enhances market performance. The market-oriented transaction prices, which are more in line with the Law of One Price , reduced development time and increased plot ratios. Furthermore, from a macroeconomic perspective, heightened land supply frequency may lead to an increase in housing prices, potentially impeding industrial development. Centralizing land supply is not a complex reform; rather, it has discernible effects. The findings and recommendations are relevant not only for China but also for other developing and transitional countries.