Green approach on wastewater treatment strategies aims to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for treating wastewater while also reducing the environmental impact of traditional wastewater treatment processes. Hence, the objective of this paper was to undertake a critical review of green approach on wastewater treatment strategies using standard techniques of harvesting data from secondary sources from 2015 to 2023. Information obtained reveals that energy-efficient treatment technologies, such as anaerobic digestion and membrane bioreactors, use less energy than traditional treatment technologies. Treating wastewater for reuse can reduce the demand for freshwater resources and the energy required for water treatment. Onsite wastewater treatment systems, such as septic systems and composting toilets, can reduce the amount of wastewater that needs to be transported and treated at centralized facilities. Incorporating green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and permeable pavement, into urban areas can help reduce the amount of stormwater runoff that enters the wastewater treatment system. Extracting nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from wastewater can be used as a fertilizer for crops, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Overall, these green wastewater treatment strategies aim to reduce the energy consumption, chemical usage, and environmental impact of traditional wastewater treatment processes, while promoting sustainable and efficient use of resources.

In the food sector, ensuring the safety of packaged food products reaching the consumers or end-users have over the years been a major concern in the industry. Several outbreaks have been reported over the years caused by foodborne pathogens or the consumption of expired products. The use of nanobiomaterials for food packaging which can monitor the freshness, toxicants and microbial contamination rate has today given the food sector a major boost in addressing not only food toxicity but also increasing the shelf-life, quality and acceptability of packaged foods. Food industries in recent times have been heavily investing in the utilization of packaging materials that are biodegradable and biocompatible with sensors to replace the initial non-degradable packaging materials such as polyethene- and polyvinylchloride-containing plastics which already have been established as having toxic effects. Biological nanoparticle-based sensors are now being used to detect fish and/or meat deterioration after packaging, heavy metals in food, nutrient level, toxins, alcohol presence and microorganisms present in food. This technology is cheap, very sensitive and provides a user-friendly on-site or online assessment of the safety of the respective packaged foods.