Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a common chronic liver condition with significant metabolic and cardiovascular implications. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated hepatic benefits in diabetic populations, their role in non-diabetic individuals with NAFLD remains unclear. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic NAFLD/MASLD patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched up to May 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLT2i with placebo or other pharmacologic agents in non-diabetic adults with NAFLD. Primary outcomes included changes in hepatic function; secondary outcomes assessed anthropometric, metabolic, and imaging-based markers of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. A random-effects model was applied to estimate pooled mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Five RCTs comprising 273 non-diabetic patients (142 in the SGLT2i group) were included. SGLT2i significantly improved liver enzymes: AST (MD = -2.03; 95% CI: -3.24 to -0.82; p < 0.01), ALT (MD = -4.50; 95% CI: -6.89 to -2.10; p < 0.01), and GGT (MD = -4.12; 95% CI: -6.87 to -1.37; p < 0.01). Modest but significant reductions were also observed in body weight (MD = -3.24 kg), BMI (MD = -1.02 kg/m²), and waist circumference (MD = -3.12 cm). However, SGLT2i did not significantly affect triglycerides, HbA1c, fasting glucose, liver stiffness, CAP scores, or FIB-4 index. Conclusion: SGLT2i significantly improves liver enzyme levels and anthropometric markers in non-diabetic individuals with NAFLD/MASLD, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. However, their effects on hepatic steatosis resolution and fibrosis progression remain inconclusive. Graphical

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis remains a daunting challenge to global health, exerting its greatest toll on resource-limited regions of the world. A dual drug approach using the co-administration of ivermectin and albendazole has shown promising results in comparison to the traditional monotherapy strategy. In light of this, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Methods: Several electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Embase were explored to search for relevant studies from inception to September 2023. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Studies was utilized to evaluate the quality of studies. Results: A total of 8 randomized controlled trials, reporting 10 patient populations, were included. The treatment of trichuriasis significantly favored the dual therapy regimen of ivermectin–albendazole over albendazole-only monotherapy (risk ratio [RR]: 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–4.93; P = .0002), with no significant differences observed for ascariasis and hookworm. The treatment of trichuriasis and hookworm significantly favored the dual therapy regimen of ivermectin–albendazole over ivermectin-only monotherapy (RR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.56–2.21; P < .00001 and RR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.23–4.31; P = .009, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between dual therapy and monotherapy in terms of adverse effects. Conclusion: These findings highlight the nuanced effectiveness of combined therapy specific to certain helminth types, in addition to their comparable safety profiles, thereby providing pivotal insights that contribute to the evolving landscape of soil-transmitted helminth treatment strategies.

Dandy-Walker malformation is a relatively uncommon abnormality known as cerebellar dysgenesis. This condition is characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, an upwardly rotated and malrotated vermis, an enlarged fourth ventricle, and an enlarged posterior fossa. This syndrome is thought to affect roughly one in every 35000 live births. Here we present a case of a preterm male of 33 + 4 weeks period of gestation who presented to us with a posterior midline cystic swelling at the occipital neck region. While there was no bruit in the transillumination of the cyst, there was a bruit in the transillumination of the skull. Due to his grunting respiratory rate of 44 breaths per minute and heart rate of 140 breaths per minute at presentation, he was admitted to the newborn critical care unit. The occipital cyst was excised following neurosurgery on board after getting a CT scan brain done which showed dilated ventricles with normal pressure hydrocephalus, cystic cerebellar changes, communicating with 4th ventricle and occipital encephalocele. Brain parenchymal changes were also noted and a CSF R/E was sent which showed meningitis and the patient was put on IV antibiotics empirically along with fluid supplementation. This case report aims to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of Dandy-Walker Malformation (DWM) in a preterm neonate, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention in similar cases. This case underscores the need for careful evaluation of neonatal cystic lesions, particularly in preterm infants, where timely diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly affect outcomes. By documenting this case, we aim to contribute to the understanding of Dandy-Walker Malformation and improve clinical practices in neonatal care.