The novel infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolate BGE14/ABT1/MVC/India is a very virulent IBDV that was isolated from broiler flocks in southern parts of India during 2014. Here, we report, for the first time in India, the complete genome sequence of BGE14/ABT1/MVC/India, a reassortment strain with segments A and B derived from a very virulent IBDV strain and an attenuated IBDV, respectively. The findings from this study provide additional insight into the genetic exchange between attenuated and very virulent strains of IBDV circulating in the field.

Background: The present objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the gut associated culturable lactic acid bacteria (beneficial bacteria) from the gut of Penaeus vannamei for their potential application as probiotic. Methods: Penaeus vannamei (host) gut associated bacterial isolates were obtained from ten commercial brackishwater shrimp ponds (n=10) located in Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Tiruvallur and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nâdu, during 2021-22 to test their efficiency as indigenous gut probiotic. Twenty-five shrimps from each pond, with salinity ranging from 5 to 25 ppt, were collected for isolation of beneficial bacterial isolates. Result: Thirty lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from the gut of 250 Penaeus vannamei, using a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. Six isolates viz., Pediococcus pentosaceus (ON495586), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (ON491817), Lactococcus lactis (ON479264), Enterococcus faecium (ON478992), Enterococcus hirae (ON478991) and Enterococcus durans (ON564885) having better enzyme activity were taken and further subjected to in vitro analysis. It was found that these isolates had antibacterial activity against shrimp pathogens V. campbelli, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus with zone of inhibition ranging between 12.33 to 21.00 mm; showed better growth at pH 7.0; tolerated the bile salts up to 1% concentration and endured salt concentrations up to 6.0%. In addition, above isolates demonstrated excellent auto-aggregative activity (74.45 to 91.14%) and hydrophobicity (77 to 99.93%). No antagonist activities were detected among the strains, suggesting its use as the multiple cocktail probiotic. Hence, the investigated isolates could serve as potential probiotics in shrimp aquaculture production systems.

High-Resolution Melting (HRM) is a sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based molecular assay used to detect, single nuclear polymorphisms, mutations, and variations in genotypes of pathogens. HRM analysis is more convenient than other detection and discrimination approaches since it is a closed-tube method, that is the polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent analysis are carried out sequentially in the well. It finds application in various veterinary diagnoses and discrimination of genotypes of the microorganisms. Numerous public health organizations have recommended increased monitoring activities to support current surveillance programs in response to the threat of bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases. HRM assay will be an efficient, cost-effective disease diagnostic and genotype of circulating pathogen identification method thereby aiding in disease surveillance which is important for monitoring the spread of infectious diseases. This review emphasizes the application of HRM in livestock, poultry, and companion animals in recent times carried out all over the world for determining the genotype, strain, and breed differentiation including pathogens classification.