Background/Objectives: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is an uncommon but clinically important cause of elevated intracranial pressure in children. Conventional MRI findings such as perioptic subarachnoid space (SAS) distension and posterior globe flattening are helpful but may lack sensitivity or specificity in certain cases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which quantifies white matter microstructure through metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), offers additional diagnostic potential, yet its role in pediatric IIH remains insufficiently defined. Methods: This retrospective case–control study included 26 pediatric patients with IIH and 26 age- and sex-matched controls who underwent brain MRI with DTI between 2010 and 2025. DTI parameters were measured in major white matter tracts, and conventional MRI findings associated with raised intracranial pressure were recorded. Associations between DTI metrics and conventional imaging markers were analyzed using standardized statistical tests. Results: Children with IIH demonstrated significantly reduced FA and increased MD and RD values in several key white matter regions, particularly within the optic radiation, splenium of the corpus callosum, and posterior limb of the internal capsule. FA values showed a negative correlation with perioptic SAS width, while RD and MD were positively correlated with posterior globe flattening and empty sella grade. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified FA in the optic radiation as the strongest discriminator between IIH and controls (AUC = 0.83). Inter-observer reliability for FA measurements was excellent (ICC = 0.91). Conclusions: Pediatric IIH appears to be associated with pressure-related microstructural alterations in white matter, detectable through DTI. Among the diffusion metrics, FA demonstrated the strongest diagnostic potential and may serve as a complementary tool to conventional MRI. Validation in larger, prospective pediatric cohorts is required to establish its clinical utility.

Background/Objectives: Pandemics and natural disasters may delay the diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In this study, we evaluated the effect of 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake-induced healthcare disruption on the DDH screening program. Methods: Medical records of infants referred for DDH screening between February 2022 and February 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Three consecutive twelve-month intervals: the pre-earthquake year (February 2022 to February 2023), the earthquake year (February 2023 to February 2024), and the post-earthquake year (February 2024 to February 2025) were evaluated to detect early and late effects of the earthquake on the DDH screening. Results: A thousand infants in the pre-earthquake year, 404 in the earthquake year, and 824 in the post-earthquake year were evaluated. A 60% reduction in referrals was detected during the earthquake year. DDH incidence in late presentations during pre-earthquake, earthquake, and post-earthquake years was 18.6%, 45.8%, and 22.2%, respectively. Pairwise analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the post-earthquake year compared with the pre-earthquake period (Yates-corrected chi-square = 4.119, p = 0.042). No significant difference was found between the pre-earthquake year and the earthquake year (Yates chi-square = 1.362, p = 0.243), nor between the post-earthquake years (Yates chi-square = 0.084, p = 0.772). Conclusions: The earthquake caused significant disruption in healthcare and DDH screening. Health authorities planning post-disaster service recovery should proactively augment DDH screening capacity for infants who missed screening during the acute phase.