Коллагеназы в медицинской практике: современные средства на основе коллагеназы и перспективы их совершенствования

Introduction. Liver diseases with all the variety of clinical manifestations have common pathogenetic links at the cellular level. The group of hepatoprotective agents is represented by drugs that exhibit versatile mechanisms for protecting liver cells from the effects of damaging factors, the main of which are membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant, regenerative, detoxifying, choleretic and anti-inflammatory effects. The high therapeutic and hepatoprotective effectiveness of modern drugs is largely due to their metabolic effects, as well as their ability to bind free radicals and reactive oxygen species in the cell.Text. The purpose of this work is to form an analytical review of the literature on the assortment and concepts of improving the dosage forms of hepatoprotective agents. According to the analysis and systematization of modern publications devoted to the use of hepatoprotectors in the treatment of liver diseases, it is shown that it is necessary to develop new formulations and combinations of biologically active substances with the manifestation of versatile mechanisms of hepatoprotection, as well as to improve the composition and manufacturing technologies of existing traditional therapies. One of the current trends is the use of new substances in the development of traditional and innovative dosage forms. The search for biologically active molecules with antioxidant, antiradical and membrane-stabilizing activity that can be considered as effective hepatoprotectors continues. An integral task of pharmaceutical development is the creation of bioavailable drugs that have a prolonged effect and minimal side effects. A promising direction in pharmaceutical technology is the development of innovative drugs for the directed transport of biologically active molecules to the affected organ.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of modern data, priority directions for the development and improvement of existing formulations based on modern approaches to the production of innovative dosage forms are identified. The relevance of improving the dosage forms of hepatoprotectors presented on the pharmaceutical market is shown. Of particular interest is the development of innovative targeted delivery systems with effective and safe hepatoprotectors in various combinations, including those based on cinnamic acid derivatives.

The aim of the article is to evaluate Bischofit gel reparative activity in a linear wound model in rats.Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats weighing from 193 to 218 grams. On the 8th day after modeling a linear wound defect 50±1 mm long, the reparative effect of bischofite, Actovegin and Contractubex in the gel compositions was evaluated. The evaluation was carried out using: the following methods: 1) studying the physicomechanical characteristics of the wound defect (a wound-tearing machine Metrotest REM-0.2-1); 2) morphological examination of the skin graft taken from the wound area (stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson‘s solution); 3) determining the ratio of collagen types I and III in a polarizing microscope (the picrosirius was red); 4) cоlorimetric analysis of the hydroxyproline concentration in the wound surface tissues.Results. On the 8th day, the wound defects sampled from the bischofite treated animals, were characterized by the most pronounced strength (the average force at the rupture moment was 13.70 N), which was significantly higher (p Actovegin (0.67±0.017) > Control (0.56±0.012) > Contractubex (0.38 ±0.020).Conclusion. The carried out study showed that Bischofit has a pronounced ability to stimulate the regeneration of the skin wound defect. Hereby, the reference drug Actovegin showed less activity, and Contractubex worsened wound healing.

Природные минеральные соли, источником которых являются термальные воды, морская вода, рапа озер, минералы (бишофит), широко используются в качестве биологически активных композиций в составе косметических средств. Спецификой этой группы сырья является способность влиять на стабильность рецептуры и сенсорные свойства готовой продукции, что создает определенные сложности при разработке состава. Одним из способов улучшения стабильности рецептур является использование полимеров в качестве гелеобразователей и загустителей. Целью исследования явилось изучение данных научной и технической литературы, касающейся номенклатуры полимеров, используемых в составе косметических средств, с природными минеральными солями, особенностей их применения в составе косметических средств и влиянии минеральных солей на свойства их растворов. Материалы и методы. Для получения данных нами были использованы такие ресурсы, как eLIBRARY, PubMed, CyberLeninka, а также материалы сайтов производителей и поставщиков вспомогательных веществ и готовой косметической продукции. Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ данных литературы и технической информации свидетельствует о том, что в качестве полимеров в составе косметических средств с природными минеральными солями используются, чаще всего, производные целлюлозы, ксантановая камедь, а также поливинилпирролидон и карбомеры. Эти вещества выполняют функции гелеобразователей, стабилизаторов, эмульгаторов, пленкообразователей, увлажняющих агентов. И в научной, и в технической литературе не имеется достаточного количества сведений о взаимодействии с природными минеральными солями полимеров и их влиянии на их характеристики. Также определенную сложность в оценке взаимодействия представляет комплексность и уникальность состава природных солевых комплексов. Заключение. Таким образом, исследование закономерностей и особенностей влияния природных минеральных солей на стабильность растворов полимеров, используемых в составе косметических средств как загустителей и гелеобразователей, является перспективным направлением современной практики.

S-methylmethionine (SMM, also known as vitamin U) is a sulfur-containing vitamin-like compound that has been investigated since the 1940s for its gastroprotective and cytoprotective properties. Historically derived from observations of antiulcer activity in plant-derived foods, SMM has been studied in preclinical models and limited clinical settings for its multilevel pharmacological effects. This narrative review critically evaluates the available evidence on SMM’s pharmacological actions across organ systems, with explicit differentiation between preclinical and clinical data. It covers the most consistently reported gastroprotective and antiulcer effects, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and regenerative activities observed predominantly in preclinical studies. Particular attention is paid to organ-specific protection in the nervous system, liver, kidneys, lungs, skin, eyes, and oral tissues, although human evidence remains scarce. Proposed mechanisms are mediated primarily through suppression of oxidative stress, modulation of inflammatory and immune responses, maintenance of glutathione homeostasis, activation of ERK/NF-κB and Nrf2/Keap1 pathways, and regulation of methylation processes. Building on recent descriptive reviews, this work provides a structured critical synthesis that grades evidence quality, compares SMM with the structurally related methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), and analyses the translational and regulatory barriers that have prevented Western drug registration despite over 70 years of investigation. Despite a substantial preclinical evidence base and historical clinical observations, the level of evidence for many indications remains limited. Well-designed Phase II randomized controlled trials and innovative pharmaceutical formulations (especially topical and mucosal delivery systems) are urgently needed to translate preclinical promise into clinical benefits.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment (dementia) is one of the most common pathologies with increasing numbers of patients. Most often they are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular brain diseases, for which such drugs as memantine and citicoline are used. The development of a combination drug with these active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy. Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of memantine and citicoline combination drug was evaluated in comparison with the marketed drugs (reference drugs) of these pharmaceutical substances approved for medical use by determining their content in blood plasma of experimental animals after a single oral administration. Results: Seventy-two hours after the administration of memantine drug, about 5% and 17% of the maximum concentration of memantine released from Akatinol Memantine and the developed combination drug were found in blood plasma, respectively. By the 120th hour after the beginning of the experiment, no memantine was detected in blood plasma of any animal. By the 24th hour after the beginning of the experiment, about 46% and 50% of the maximum concentration of citicoline released from the developed combination drug and the Ceraxon drug were found in blood plasma of the rabbits, respectively. Discussion: It was detected that the amounts of released memantine and citicoline from the developed combination drug exceeded the amounts of the appropriate pharmaceutical substances released from the reference drugs. The bioavailability of these substances from the developed combination drug was higher than from the marketed mono formulations used as reference drugs. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results of memantine and citicolineconcentrations in bioassays, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the studied preparations were calculated, the results of which showed the superiority of the developed combination drug over the reference drugs.