An outbreak, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may facilitate relapse of psychotic disorders through outcome, such as social distancing, lockdown or change in the priority of health services [1]. Besides the effects of the outbreak, lack of insight, non-adherence to treatment, poor social and cognitive functioning observed in psychotic disorders may make it difficult to maintain treatment [2]. Non-adherence to treatment is a major risk factor for relapse in individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder [3, 4]. Using long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) may be a solution against the risk of relapse under outbreak conditions. Community mental health centers (CMHCs) may be protective against the risk of relapse, but their delivery of care is also affected by the outbreak. They might have to develop and implement new interventions as the outbreak commands [5], but few evidence exists to design a relevant plan for relapse prevention [6] and to apply a sustainable clinical practice [7]. In this background, we aimed to detect the relapse rate of patients registered at Etimesgut CMHC, Ankara, to investigate the basic characteristics of patients who experienced relapse during the first trimester (from 10th of March to 10th of June) of the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey, and to compare main findings with the same period in 2019 as being suggested by Moreno et al. [7]. Our CMHC had been closed between 23 March and 13 April 2020 because the team was initially assigned to Etimesgut State Hospital for the outbreak until mid-April.

Formal thought disorder (FTD) is considered to be a fundamental feature of schizophrenia. This study aims to analyze psychometric properties of the Turkish version of "Thought and Language Disorder Scale (TALD)" and investigate the relationship between FTD and various clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. TALD was adapted into Turkish and applied to a total of 149 participants of which 114 had DSM-5 psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia N = 70, mania N = 20, depression N = 24) and 35 were healthy controls. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impression were administered to detect illness severity. The principal component analyses revealed that the Turkish version of TALD (TALD-TR) consisted of four factors including the Objective Positive (OP), Subjective Negative (SN), Objective Negative (ON) and Subjective Positive (SP) symptom dimensions which were in line with the original TALD factorial structure. It was concluded that TALD-TR shows strong construct validity and high interrater reliability. The correlation analyses with TALD-TR and PANSS showed that there are positive correlations between the TALD-TR total score and the PANSS total and subscale scores. Each diagnostic group showed the distinct pattern of FTD. The mania group exhibited the highest mean total score in the OP, whereas the schizophrenia group exhibited the highest mean total score in the ON factor. In the schizophrenia group, the severity of FTD correlated positively with duration of illness and negatively with age at onset of illness. Adaptation of TALD into different languages seems to be possible, bringing in an international tool for research on FTD.

Background: Combining clozapine with a long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) or using different, nonstandard formulations of the compound may improve treatment outcomes. We aimed to investigate the utility of the clozapine-LAI combination and different formulations of clozapine for compliance problems of clozapine treatment, and to describe a case series on the combined treatment. Procedures: We conducted a PubMed search with no date restriction. The number and length of hospitalizations, the results of clinical scales, and adverse events were recorded. We also present a case series of 18 patients using the clozapine-LAI combination. Data were collected from the medical charts and electronic records. Results: We extracted 9 records describing the use of the clozapine-LAI combination. The case reports and mirror-image studies showed a significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations, length of hospital stays, and number of visits to the emergency department on the combined treatment with no serious adverse events. We included 11 articles for clozapine formulations. The case reports and retrospective data suggested that short-acting intramuscular clozapine was often well tolerated and resulted in an increased acceptance of oral clozapine in the acute phase of illness. In our case series, illness severity and the number of hospitalization per year significantly decreased after the combined treatment, besides a significant improvement in the functioning scores. Hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal side effects were reported due to concomitant LAIs. Conclusions: Despite the encouraging evidence, the present data are preliminary and mostly based on retrospective studies, and oral-dissolving tablets or oral liquid formulations of clozapine have insufficient evidence for clinical practice. Well-designed, controlled, follow-up studies are needed for both clozapine-LAI combination and different formulations of clozapine.