An observational study was conducted in Ukraine to determine the independent mortality risks among adult inpatients with COVID-19. The results of treatment of COVID-19 inpatients (n = 367) are presented, and waist circumference (WC) was measured. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the effects of factors on the risk of mortality. Odds ratios and 95% CIs for the association were calculated. One hundred and three of 367 subjects had fasting plasma glucose level that met the diabetes mellitus criteria (≥7.0 mmol/L), in 53 patients, diabetes mellitus was previously known. Two hundred and eleven patients did not have diabetes or hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia odds ratio 2.5 (CI 1.0–6.1), p = 0.045 loses statistical significance after standardization by age, waist circumference or fasting plasma glucose. No effect on gender, body mass index-determined obesity, or hypertension was found. The fasting plasma glucose (>8.5 mmol/L), age (≥61 years), and waist circumference (>105 cm) categories were associated with ORs 6.34 (CI 2.60–15.4); 4.12 (CI 1.37–12.4); 8.93 (CI 3.26–24.5), respectively. The optimal model of mortality risk with AUC 0.86 (CI 0.81–0.91) included the diabetes/heperglycemia and age categories as well as waist circumference as a continued variable. Waist circumference is an independent risk factor for mortality of inpatients with COVID-19.

Наведені історичні факти становлення медицини як науки з акцентом на розвиток ендокринології. В історичному плані з’ясована роль досліджень іноземних і вітчизняних учених та їхній внесок у розвиток хімії гормонів. З’ясована роль навчальних закладів, академій у формуванні світогляду майбутніх науковців, просуванні передового досвіду. Показано, як поступово накопичувалися знання з медицини: опис клінічних проявів, визначення лабораторних відмінностей. Можливість надання людині з ендокринним захворюванням патогенетично обґрунтованого лікування з’явилась у більшості випадків тільки після розвитку промислового синтезу гормональних препаратів. Праці багатьох учених відзначені Нобелівською премією за досягнення в галузі медицини та фізіології. Наведено визначення поняття «гормон», класифікацію, місця біосинтезу, особливості секреції, промисловий синтез деяких гормонів і сфери використання. Особлива увага приділяється опису нових методів синтезу тироксину, флутафарму та інших речовин.

46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, characterised by absent or defective testicular development in individuals with a 46,XY karyotype, results from disruptions in the genetic programme governing testis determination and differentiation during embryogenesis. While monogenic causes explain approximately 50% of cases, emerging evidence suggests an oligogenic basis in some patients. However, many cases remain without a definitive molecular diagnosis. In this study, we investigated a patient with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis to explore the underlying genetic aetiology. Whole-exome sequencing in the patient did not reveal any pathogenic variants in genes previously associated with this condition. Instead, it detected rare variants in STARD9 and CDK5RAP2, which encode centrosomal proteins known to interact with each other. Gene expression analysis of embryonic gonads revealed that STARD9 is sexually dimorphic, with the highest expression in testis-specific Sertoli cells, while CDK5RAP2 is ubiquitously expressed, including in Sertoli cells. These findings suggest a role for both genes in Sertoli cell development, implicating them in the pathogenesis of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. To evaluate the functional relevance of the identified variants, we performed molecular dynamics simulations, which suggest that these variants may impair the individual and/or combined functions of STARD9 and CDK5RAP2 proteins. This study is the first to propose a role for STARD9 and CDK5RAP2 genes in human Sertoli cell development and highlights their potential contribution to 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis.