Drawing on evidence from China's land market, this study systematically investigates the impact of land misallocation on economic resilience and reveals the underlying mechanism that operates by suppressing technological advancement. A theoretical model of economic resilience is developed, incorporating technology and factor allocation. Empirical analysis is conducted using a panel dataset of 95 Chinese cities (2011-2024) through spatial econometric and mediation models. The findings indicate that land misallocation significantly reduces local economic resilience and exhibits negative spatial spillover effects. The core mechanism is identified as follows: subsidies via low-priced industrial land delay the market exit of low-efficiency firms, hindering the reallocation of production factors to more productive sectors. This suppression of technological progress ultimately weakens a region's capacity to withstand external shocks. Based on the findings, policy implications include optimizing land supply structure, accelerating fiscal system reform, and strengthening policy coordination.