Cybersecurity has evolved significantly over the years, with a growing interest in biologically inspired models that emulate the immune system’s defense mechanisms. This paper provides a comparative analysis of various immunity-based approaches in cybersecurity, tracking their progression from their inception to the present. It explores the strengths and limitations of these methods across different cybersecurity areas, such as intrusion detection, malware analysis, and network protection. By reviewing foundational research, recent advancements, and existing challenges, this study aims to offer a well-rounded perspective on the effectiveness and constraints of immunity-driven strategies in protecting modern digital infrastructure. Additionally, it highlights emerging trends and future directions, stressing the importance of integrating these approaches with machine learning and other advanced technologies to strengthen cybersecurity resilience.