Six novel acyclic sulfides, named garlicnins L-1–L-4 (1–4), E (5), and F (6), were isolated from the acetone extracts, with the ability to suppress M2 macrophage activation, of the bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum L.), and their chemical structures were characterized.

This study aimed to analyze the risk of death from non-lung cancer after segmentectomy or lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer. A total of 1,385 patients underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy for clinical stage 0-I primary lung cancer, with no evidence of recurrence after surgery, between January 2008 and December 2018. Risk factors for non-lung cancer deaths were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The overall survival (OS) of patients with low and high comorbidities who underwent lobectomy and segmentectomy was compared using a log-rank test. Patients with non-lung cancer deaths (n = 126) were more likely to have undergone lobectomy than patients with non-recurrence survival (n = 1,259). Multivariable analysis revealed that age (≥ 65 years), smoking index (≥ 600), BMI (≤ 18.5 kg/m²), interstitial pneumonia, %VC (≤ 96.4%), and lobectomy were risk factors for non-lung cancer death. Patients who underwent segmentectomy had significantly better 5-year OS than those who underwent lobectomy, after propensity score matching (94.6% vs 90.4%, p = 0.027). Patients with high comorbidities (patients with more than two of the following risks: age ≥ 65 years, smoking index ≥ 600, BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m², Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 1, %VC ≤ 96.4%) who underwent segmentectomy had a better 5-year OS than those who underwent lobectomy (92.8% vs 87.8%, p = 0.016). However, there was no difference in 5-year OS between segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with low comorbidities (98.5% vs 97.4%, p = 0.867). The impact of lobectomy and segmentectomy on non-lung cancer deaths depends on the extent of the patients’ comorbidities.

Italian canned tomatoes contain the tomato glycosides esculeosides B-1 (1, 0.0052%) and B-2 (2, 0.0068%) without esculeoside A. Herein, the structure of esculeoside B-1 (1) is characterized to be 3-O-β-lycotetraosyl (5S,22R,23S,25S)-22,26-epimino-16β,23-epoxy-3β,23,27-trihydroxycholestane 27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. We hypothesized that these substances might be derived from esculeoside A when the cans are prepared with treatment in boiling water. To confirm that hypothesis, we refluxed esculeoside A with water for 6.5 h, providing esculeosides B-1 (1) and B-2 (2) in yields of 25.8% and 31.0%, respectively.

Introduction: Meningioma is mostly a benign tumor, but sometimes it is malignant, and there have been reports of distant metastases. Patient concerns: The patient, a woman in her 40s, was under follow-up after resection of an ectopic malignant meningioma originating in the left axilla. She was referred to our department because of a nodule shadow in the right lung on chest computed tomography (CT) 3 years and 5 months postoperatively. Diagnosis: Chest CT showed a 1.0 cm nodule shadow in the right S4, which was positive on positron emission tomography-CT; no abnormality was found in any other organ. Therefore, it was considered to be a metastatic lung tumor. Interventions: Right middle lobe partial resection was performed using thoracoscopic surgery, and a diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis of ectopic malignant meningioma was made by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Outcomes: In this case, complete resection was possible. Conclusion: Meningioma occurs mainly in the cranium, and occurrence in the soft tissue of the extremities is extremely rare. To our knowledge, ours is the first report of a histologically malignant ectopic meningioma with metastasis to the thoracic cavity.