To find sustainable alternatives to traditional polymers, this study evaluated the potential of bamboo cellulose for the manufacture of flame-retardant filaments intended for 3D printing. Blending of five bamboo cellulose (BC)-based filament formulations was performed: S0 (C 5%, AR 95%), S1 (C 5%, AR 90%, U 0.4%, B 4%), S2 (C 4.8%, AR 86.45%, U 0.76%, B 7. 68%), S3 (C 5%, AR 82%, U 1%, B 12%) and S4 (C 5%, AR 69%, U 1%, B 25%). at 31.90C is left to stand for 30 min, 20 mL is placed inside the PET extruder and extruded through a 1 mm hole bamboo cellulose filament (BC). The results obtained using PAST 4 software revealed a normality of 95% in the data. The extruded filament titer (T) showed an average of 1.88 Ktex with no significant differences between formulations (P>0.05). Regarding combustion (C), samples S0 and S4 reached the lowest times, both 32 seconds. Regarding incandescence (I), a significant decrease in time was observed, from a maximum of 24.333 seconds in sample S0 to a minimum of 1.333 seconds in sample S4, representing a reduction of 94.521%. This behavior is attributed to the increase of urea (U) and borax (B) in the formulations. It is concluded that bamboo cellulose exhibits excellent flame-retardant properties and is suitable for processing in 3D printers.

This study evaluated the relevance of using bamboo cellulose (BC) compounded with resin (R) for the manufacture of medical orthoses (BCO). A 22-factorial screening experimental design was used, with two experimental factors and six response variables. Three polymer composites (PC) were prepared: S1 (BC 40%, R 60%), S2 (BC 30%, R 70%), and S3 (BC 20%, R 80%), which were molded under a pressure of 10.5 kg in 25 × 5 cm male-female dies, with an internal space of 2 mm, at 20 °C for 24 h. The mechanical properties evaluated included tensile strength (RTRAC), ball penetration resistance (RPEBOL), puncture resistance (RPUNZ), and their corresponding extensions (ETRAC, EPEBOL, and EPUNZ). Mass, tensile strength, elongation, punching resistance, and penetration were determined in accordance with ISO 3801, ISO 9073-3, EN 388, and ASTM D3787 standards. Statistical analysis was performed using Statgraphics Centurion and Past 4.13 software. The results showed that increasing the resin content and decreasing the bamboo cellulose significantly improved the mechanical performance of the material. The S3 samples (BC 20%, R 80%) had the highest mechanical strength values, with a tensile strength of (1049.34 ± 85.57 N; n = 5), representing an increase of 398.60% over the base formulation. Likewise, increases of 92.25% in puncture resistance (24.12 ± 29.91 N; n = 5) and 196% in ball penetration resistance (323.98 ± 1.39 N; n = 5) were recorded. Tensile elongation showed an increase of 228% (7.55 ± 5.01%; n = 5). In the S2 samples (BC 30%, R 70%), the greatest increase was observed in the puncture elongation, with a value of 16.33 ± 1.25 mm (n = 5), corresponding to an increase of 59.78%. Meanwhile, the S1 samples (BC 40%, R 60%) exhibited the highest ball penetration extension value (34.07 ± 1.61 mm; n = 5), while the S2 and S3 formulations recorded decreases of 2.11% and 2.23%, respectively. Additionally, thickness, weight, and density showed a strong correlation with each other (p > 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that the combination of bamboo cellulose and epoxy resin is a sustainable and effective alternative for the development of medical orthoses, due to the significant improvement in their mechanical properties, which supports their application in orthotic devices based on sustainable biomaterials.

El libro aborda el desarrollo, aplicación e innovación de los textiles técnicos, con énfasis en su importancia para los sectores industrial, médico y tecnológico. A través de un enfoque técnico y académico, se analizan materiales, procesos, propiedades funcionales y aplicaciones especializadas de los textiles, destacando su papel en la mejora del desempeño, la seguridad, la sostenibilidad y la calidad de los productos. Además, se resalta la integración entre la ingeniería textil y las nuevas tecnologías como un factor clave para responder a las demandas actuales de la industria y de la sociedad.