With the depletion of shallow coal resources, deep extra-thick coal seam mining has become vital for energy security, yet fully mechanized top-coal caving (FMTC) goaf-side roadways face severe challenges of excessive advanced deformation and intense strata behavior. To address this gap, this study took the 4301 tailgate of a coal mine in Shaanxi province as the engineering background, integrating field investigation, theoretical analysis, FLAC^3D numerical simulation, and industrial tests. Guided by the key stratum theory, we systematically analyzed the influence of overlying key strata fracture on strata pressure. The results show three key strata: near-field secondary key strata (KS1, KS2) with “vertical O-X” fracturing and far-field main key stratum (MKS) with “horizontal O-X” fracturing. The radial extrusion force from MKS rotational blocks is the core cause of 200 m range advanced deformation. A collaborative control scheme of near-field key strata directional fracturing roof-cutting pressure relief and high-strength bolt-cable support was proposed. Industrial verification indicates roadway deformation was significantly reduced, with roof subsidence, floor heave, and rib convergence controlled within safe engineering limits. This study fills the gap of insufficient research on far-field key strata’s impact, providing a reliable technical solution for similar extra-thick coal seam FMTC goaf-side roadway surrounding rock control.