Biogenic amines (BAs) can be found in various foods, such as cheese, wine, and chocolate. The consumption of a sufficient quantity of BA can lead to symptoms including headaches, hypertonia, and diarrhea. For this reason, the amount of BA in food is regulated in many countries. A new method for the determination of biogenic amines in wine has been proposed, which involves derivatizing BA with p-toluene sulfonyl chloride (TsCl) and using K₂S₂O₈ to reduce the matrix effect. The derivatives of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine with TsCl were synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Separation of BA derivatives was performed using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The chromatographic system was equipped with a reversed-phase C8 column and a diode array detector. This method was validated to analyze the above-mentioned biogenic amines simultaneously in red and white wine samples. The detection limits for putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine in wine samples were 0.0248 mg·L⁻¹, 0.0645 mg·L⁻¹, 0.346 mg·L⁻¹ and 0.00866 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.999), and biogenic amines recovery varied from 83.0 to 110%. The proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity, straightforward sample preparation, and rapid analysis time.

Introduction. Among infectious agents associated with provision of medical care, resistant ones to disinfectants from various chemical groups are more often met. In this regard, disinfection measures carried out in a medical facility are not always effective enough. Material and methods. 9 strains of microorganisms were selected for research (Klebsiella pneumoniae -2 pcs., Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus warneri, Serratia rubidaea, Staphylococcus sciuri, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecium - per 1 pcs.), isolated from the objects of hospital environment in operating unit, intensive care and trauma units, as well as 5 samples of disinfectants from different chemical groups (on the basis of quaternary ammonium salt, tertiary amine and polyhexamethyleneguanidine; on the basis of sodium percarbonate with activator; on the basis of hydrogen peroxide and didecyldimethylammonium chloride; in the form of tablets on the basis of sodium salt sodium dichloroisocyanurate acid), used in the specified divisions of medical facities. The studies were performed in accordance with the methodology set out in methodology instructions MU 3.5.1.3439-17 “Assessment of sensitivity to disinfectants of microorganisms circulating in medical organizations.” Results. When conducting chemical-analytical studies of samples of disinfectants 4 samples out of 5 were found to have inconsistencies in one or another quality indices. The analysis of instructions on application of disinfectants 4 means from 5 were showed to have unreasonably underestimated modes of application. According to the results of the evaluation of the sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants, the majority of isolated microorganisms was found to have resistance to the studied disinfectants Conclusion. Based on the results of the study of sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants, a new tactic for improving disinfection measures is proposed for medical facilities: rotation of disinfectants and an enhanced system of microbiological monitoring of the sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants

The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on all spheres of public health. The multiplied load on medical organizations, forced use of unsuitable premises for treatment of people could not but affect disinfection activities. In addition, given the closed borders in 2020, there was a shortage of both raw materials and ready disinfectants on the market. On the one hand, this situation has led to an explosive interest of the business community in the disinfectants market. This is evidenced by the increased number of disinfectants registered in the Russian Federation from 164 in 2019 to 467 and 471 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In this study, we analyzed technical specifications for the procurement of disinfectants by medical organizations posted on www.zakupki.gov.ru. Despite the fact that during the period there were relaxations in the procurement legislation that allowed medical organizations to directly purchase disinfectants from suppliers, the analysis revealed significant deviations in 2020 and 2021 in the consumption of disinfectants compared to 2017–2019 and 2022. For example, the consumption of disinfectants based on sodium hypochlorite increased significantly. Also, with the shortage and increased cost of alcohol-based skin antiseptics, purchases of soaps with antibacterial properties have increased, which is especially noticeable in 2021. However, the 2022 purchases indicate that healthcare organizations are returning to normal operations and their consumption of disinfectants is becoming similar to that seen in 2017–2019. Keywords: disinfectants, auctions, hospital-acquired infection.

Incorrect use of detergents, despite the relative safety of their individual components, can have an adverse effect on humans. The toxicity of residual quantities of detergent was studied on rats with its intragastric administration in doses of 2.5Ц0.0025 mg/kg per day for 3 months. The doses were selected taking into account the permissible content of surfactants in water (0.5 mg/l). After 3 months, the rat blood serum was analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, creatine phosphokinase, glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), triglycerides, and phospholipids. The liver was histologically examined, internal organs were pathomorphologically examined, and their mass coefficients were determined. The detergent in the maximum tested doses of 2.5 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg caused an increase in ALT activity and changes in lipid metabolism: the detergent in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg caused a decrease in LDL and HDL, while in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg it caused only a decrease in HDL. Histopathological studies revealed destruction of the blood vessel walls, for all groups in varying degrees of severity. Signs of protein dystrophy and minor cicatricial changes of the liver predominated in rats that received the detergent in the highest doses (2.5 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg). Keywords: toxicity, detergent, rats, histology, liver, lipid metabolism.

Cationic surfactants based disinfectants have been widely used in practice for over 20 years. Despite the significant advances in analytical chemistry during this period, the determination of mixtures of several quaternary ammonium compounds in one disinfectant still causes certain difficulties. This work describes the separation in the combined presence of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, alkyldimethyl (ethylbenzyl) ammonium chloride, and dimethyldioctylammonium chloride in disinfectants using high performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector. The method was tested on model solutions and real disinfectants. The linearity range for alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride was from 0.03 to 0.17 %, for alkyldimethyl (ethylbenzyl) ammonium chloride – from 0.03 to 0.15 %, and from 0.01 to 0.11 % for dimethyldioctylammonium chloride. The calculated relative error of the method did not exceed 9 %. Thus, the proposed method can be used to analyze preparative forms of disinfectants containing these and other cationic surfactants.