Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder manifested by arterial or venous thromboses and/or spontaneous abortions associated with a persistently elevated level of antiphospholipid antibodies. To date, no clear relationship has been established between levels and types of autoimmune antibodies and clinical manifestations of APS, which can range from mild coagulation disorders to life-threatening conditions. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relation between antiphospholipid antibody type and titer and the most common clinical manifestations of APS. Materials and methods: The retrospective study included 32 patients with a confirmed laboratory finding of elevated antiphospholipid antibodies, who came for follow-up examinations to the Hemophilia Unit of the University Clinical Center of Serbia, between June 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. Data on patients were taken from their medical records. Basic demographic data, type and titer of antiphospholipid antibodies, and their association with the present clinical manifestations of APS were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results: There was no significant difference regarding the frequency of positive results for lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, and anti-beta-2-GP-I antibodies, between the symptomatic and asymptomatic group. The percentage of persons with simultaneous positivity for two or all three antiphospholipid antibodies was the same in both groups of subjects. Conclusion: As opposed to previous studies, our study did not demonstrate a correlation between the titer of antiphospholipid antibodies and the clinical manifestations of APS. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients did not significantly differ in the frequency of elevated antibodies. These results indicate that the presence of other factors, which are as yet little-known, is necessary for the clinical manifestations of APS.

Background: Pancreatic hamartoma (PH) is an exceptionally rare, benign, mass-forming lesion accounting for less than 1% of all pancreatic tumors. Its rarity and non-neoplastic nature contribute to significant diagnostic challenges, often leading to misclassification as malignant disease. This study presents a case of PH and a systematic review of all reported cases, with emphasis on histopathological and imaging characteristics. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted up to 1 April 2025, to identify eligible case reports and series. Results: We describe a 37-year-old woman with a cystic lesion of the pancreatic tail, ultimately confirmed histologically as a cystic pancreatic hamartoma following distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, with an uneventful postoperative course. Of 687 screened studies, 51 met the inclusion criteria, comprising 77 cases (68 adults, 9 pediatric). PHs occurred most frequently in males (52.9%), with a mean age of 59.5 ± 12.9 years, and were often asymptomatic (57.4%). The pancreatic head was the most common site (52.9%). On MRI, PHs typically exhibited low T1-weighted and high T2-weighted signal intensity, with no FDG uptake (82%) and moderate or no restriction on DWI, distinguishing them from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Histologically, most lesions were solid (64.7%) or solid–cystic (35.3%), with low spindle cell cellularity and absent Langerhans islets. Conclusions: Low T1WI signal and moderate DWI signal are the key features distinguishing PHs from NETs. Incorporating these findings with EUS-FNA and immunohistochemistry can support a provisional diagnosis and help avoid unnecessary radical surgery.