Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) aims to reduce post-extraction bone resorption and facilitate implant placement. Among alloplastic grafts, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely used due to its osteoconductive properties and complete resorbability. This systematic review evaluated the clinical effectiveness of β-TCP for ARP, focusing on ridge dimensional changes assessed by cone–beam computed tomography (CBCT). Electronic searches were performed in major scientific databases up to April 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting CBCT-based dimensional outcomes after at least 4 months were included. Five RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in biomaterial formulations, socket management, and outcome assessment. When used alone, β-TCP showed variable results, ranging from greater ridge resorption compared with xenograft to outcomes comparable with those of freeze-dried bone allograft. More consistent findings were reported when β-TCP was used in combination with other biomaterials, with outcomes generally comparable to those of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Overall, β-TCP may have a potential role in alveolar ridge preservation; however, evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Differences between β-TCP alone and composite formulations should be carefully considered, and no definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding its comparative predictability versus xenografts. Further RCTs are needed to clarify its clinical effectiveness and identify optimal applications.

Background: Periodontitis is a disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissue and tooth loss. The molecular mechanisms behind this disease, however, are not clearly understood. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven form of regulated cell death that seems to play a role in periodontal pathogenesis by increasing oxidative stress and reducing tissue regeneration. Objective: The current narrative review aims to summarize current knowledge of the involvement of ferroptosis in periodontal tissue destruction and potentially to identify new targets of therapy. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Original human, animal, and in vitro studies published in English were selected. Data on experimental models, molecular markers, and key outcomes were extracted and synthesized in the review. Results: After screening, four studies were identified and selected. Ferroptosis activation in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, stem cells, and gingival tissues was associated with increased ACSL4 and decreased GPX4 expression, iron accumulation, and oxidative stress. The administration of Ferrostatin-1 or antioxidants like curcumin seemed to reduce inflammation and alveolar bone loss in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses further revealed immune-related ferroptosis gene signatures in human periodontitis tissues. Conclusions: Ferroptosis represents a crucial mechanism in periodontal tissue destruction through not yet completely understood. Understanding these molecular pathways could be the key to developing new therapeutic strategies for periodontal treatment.

Alveolar Osteitis (AO) is a frequent postoperative complication following tooth extraction that negatively affects patients' quality of life and requires repeated follow-up visits. To prevent this condition and reduce postoperative discomfort, several clinical strategies and therapeutic compounds have been proposed, but its incidence remains clinically relevant. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of ozone therapy in the prevention and treatment of AO in adult patients undergoing tooth extraction or diagnosed with AO. The review focused on different ozone formulations (gaseous ozone, ozonated water, and ozonated oils/gels) and assessed outcomes including AO frequency, postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and healing. A comprehensive search on scientific databases was conducted up to April 2025. Randomized controlled trials (CTs), CTs, and prospective clinical studies evaluating ozone as a preventive or therapeutic intervention for AO in adults were included. Animal studies, in vitro studies, studies without a control group, and those using ozone only in combination with other adjunctive therapies were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, with disagreements resolved by consensus or arbitration. Of 55 records initially identified, 8 studies (14.5%) met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated ozone as a preventive adjunct following surgical tooth extraction. Gaseous ozone and sunflower oil-based ozone gel were generally associated with a lower frequency of AO and improved postoperative pain control, although the overall certainty of evidence was limited by methodological concerns. Studies assessing ozonated water reported conflicting and inconsistent results. Only one trial investigated the therapeutic use of ozone in established AO, finding promising results when combined with concentrated growth factors. Ozone therapy may represent a promising adjunctive approach for reducing the frequency of AO and improving postoperative outcomes after third molar surgery. However, the currently available evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, and further well-designed randomized CTs are needed to clarify its clinical effectiveness and optimal delivery protocols.

Background: Periodontitis and psoriasis are chronic inflammatory diseases that share common risk factors and immune-mediated pathogenic pathways, suggesting a potential bidirectional relationship. Periodontal inflammation contributes to systemic inflammatory burden, which may influence the severity of immune-mediated diseases, such as psoriasis. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of periodontal therapy on psoriasis severity in patients affected by both conditions. Methods: This review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251155439). Eligible studies included adults (≥18 years) with both psoriasis and periodontitis undergoing periodontal therapy compared with no periodontal treatment. The primary outcome was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), while secondary outcomes included periodontal clinical parameters (PPD, CAL, FMBS). Results: A total of 228 records were identified; after screening and full-text evaluation, two randomized controlled trials, including a total of 166 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Both studies evaluated non-surgical periodontal therapy and reported significant reductions in PASI scores in treated patients compared with controls. Periodontal parameters (PPD, CAL, FMBS) also improved significantly following treatment in both studies. Conclusions: Evidence from the included trials indicates that non-surgical periodontal therapy may reduce psoriasis severity while simultaneously improving periodontal health in patients with both conditions. Periodontal treatment may serve as a beneficial adjunct to dermatological therapy. However, findings are limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Larger, long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.