Wael Amin Nasr El-Din, Gisma Ahmed Madani, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah, Esmat Mahmoud, Asmaa S. Essawy. Anat Cell Biol 2021;54:193-201. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.20.247

Gisma Ahmed Madani, Wael Amin Nasr El-Din, Asmaa S. Essawy, Khamrunissa Hussain, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah. Anat Cell Biol 2022;55:423-32. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.22.110

Background: Men over the age of 40 are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is characterized by proliferation of the prostatic epithelium and stroma. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), is an essential metalloid mineral and antioxidant. In this study, SeNPs were tested for their potential protective and curative impacts on BPH in rats. Materials and methods: 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group I (Control group); Group II (Orchiectomized group): bilateral orchiectomy was conducted on rats; Group III (BPH group): testosterone (TE) enanthate injection was used to induce BPH; Group IV (Protective group): rats were given SeNP before subjecting rats to BPH; Group V (Curative group): rats were succumbed to BPH, followed by administration of SeNP. Measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and TE in serum was performed and prostates were weighed and prepared for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination. Results: In the BPH group, serum TE- and PSA-levels, as well as prostate weight, increased significantly and significant decreases in the protective and curative groups. Reduced acinar lumen, expansion of stroma and epithelial hyperplasia were noticed in the BPH group, which were ameliorated significantly both in protective and curative groups. There was an increase in PCNA immunoreaction in the BPH group and a decrease in both the protective and curative groups. On TEM of BPH group, the nuclei appeared irregular with dilated endoplasmic reticulum, loss of cell boundaries and apical microvilli. The protective group showed more improvement than the curative group. Conclusions: The effects of SeNPs on BPH induced by TE in rats, were both protective and curative, although the protective effects were more pronounced. Background: Men over the age of 40 are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is characterized by proliferation of the prostatic epithelium and stroma. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), is an essential metalloid mineral and antioxidant. In this study, SeNPs were tested for their potential protective and curative impacts on BPH in rats. Materials and methods: 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group I (Control group); Group II (Orchiectomized group): bilateral orchiectomy was conducted on rats; Group III (BPH group): testosterone (TE) enanthate injection was used to induce BPH; Group IV (Protective group): rats were given SeNP before subjecting rats to BPH; Group V (Curative group): rats were succumbed to BPH, followed by administration of SeNP. Measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and TE in serum was performed and prostates were weighed and prepared for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination. Results: In the BPH group, serum TE- and PSA-levels, as well as prostate weight, increased significantly and significant decreases in the protective and curative groups. Reduced acinar lumen, expansion of stroma and epithelial hyperplasia were noticed in the BPH group, which were ameliorated significantly both in protective and curative groups. There was an increase in PCNA immunoreaction in the BPH group and a decrease in both the protective and curative groups. On TEM of BPH group, the nuclei appeared irregular with dilated endoplasmic reticulum, loss of cell boundaries and apical microvilli. The protective group showed more improvement than the curative group. Conclusions: The effects of SeNPs on BPH induced by TE in rats, were both protective and curative, although the protective effects were more pronounced.

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an anti-cancer medication, utilized in chemotherapy. Recently, inflammation of oral mucosa (mucositis) is thought to be one of the most serious side effects of anticancer therapy. Aim of the work: To investigate the role of glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) root extract on rat tongue mucositis induced by CPA.Materials and methods: Forty adult male albino rats were classified into four groups, (each included 10 rats): Group I (Control group), Group II (Licorice group): each rat received licorice root extract by an oral daily dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days, Group III (CPA group): each rat received CPA in a single intraperitoneal dose of 300 mg/kg on the second day of experiment and Group IV (Licorice CPA group): each rat received licorice root extract by an oral daily dose of 200 mg/kg/day for ten days, on the second day of experiment, the rats received CPA in a single intraperitoneal dose of 300 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, the rats were anesthetized, and the tongue was excised for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also done.Results: Licorice root extract reduced the severity of CPA induced oral mucositis by increasing the epithelial thickness, normalization of congested blood vessels in the lamina propria of tongue mucosa, significant amelioration of immunoreactivity to anti-Ki-67, anti-E-cadherin and anti-P53.Conclusion: CPA chemotherapy has a detrimental effect on the oral mucosa resulting in marked morphometric and microscopic changes. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract can protect the oral mucosa from CPA-induced toxicity and reduce the associated injury.

It is crucial to identify Enterobacterales that produce carbapenemase to treat and manage hospital infections. The suggested techniques for their identification need a lengthy wait, technical knowledge, and training. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) provide a solution to these requirements. Thus, this study compared LFIA with phenotypic and genotypic tests for carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Fifty clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant superbugs were examined. KPC, VIM, NDM, IMP, and OXA-48-like enzymes were evaluated and compared with phenotypic tests and LFIA. Regarding the phenotypic characteristics, the mCIM was positive in 37/50 (74%), and the eCIM was positive in 21/50 (42%). Regarding using LFIA, 41 out of the total isolates (82%) gave a positive red line with one or more of the tested genes. The most frequently detected gene was bla_NDM (27/50 (54%)), and the least detected one was bla_IMP (14/50 (28%)), which was in accordance with the PCR results. While investigating the accuracy of LFIA vs. PCR, it was found that LFIA had 100% sensitivity in the detection of the bla_NDM and bla_OXA genes, with 85.2% and 91.4% specificity, respectively, while for the bla_IMP, bla_KPC, and bla_VIM genes, the values were 91.7% and 92.1%, 94.1% and 90.9%, and 95.5% and 89.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of LFIA ranged from 92 to 94%. Our comparison with molecular assays revealed remarkable agreement, so we propose that this test might be utilized as a supplementary tool.

Introduction: Worldwide, stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability. The most common type of stroke is cerebral ischemia. Strokes have a high impact on vision. Loss of vision can be the worst residual effect following cerebral infarction. Health promoting properties of red beetroot have become widely known in recent years. In addition to its potent antioxidant properties, it also has anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects. Aim of the work: The purpose of this study was to explore the prophylactic mechanisms of beetroot extract against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the visual cortex of albino rats. Materials and methods: In our study, a total of 40 albino rats were used. They were allotted into four groups: Group I (control group), Group II (Red beetroot extract; RBE group), Group III (I/R group) and Group IV (Beetroot extract + I/R group). By the end of the experiment, the visual cortex was extracted and subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses. Results: Red beetroot extract alleviated the ischemic induced visual cortex neurodegenerative changes. Neuronal cells showed a significant increase in toluidine blue color intensity. It protected the visual cortex against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via down-regulation of caspase-3, TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP and up-regulation of HSP70 and PCNA immunoreaction. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, beetroot extract may be a potential neuroprotective agent in I/R damage of visual cortex. It protects the visual cortex from oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis resulting from I/R damage. It provides an experimental basis for the application of beetroot extract in the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases.