Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer antibiotic which has various effects in human cancers. It is one of the commonly known causes of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, which results in acute renal injury. Adrenomedullin (ADM), a vasodilator peptide, is widely distributed in many tissues and has potent protective effects. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the protective potential mechanisms of ADM against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 28 male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: control group, doxorubicin group (15 mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection of DOX), adrenomedullin + doxorubicin group (12 μg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection of ADM) 3 days prior to DOX injection and continuing for 14 days after the model was established, and adrenomedullin group. Kidney function biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18) were assessed. The expressions of gasdermin D and ASC were assessed by real-time PCR. Furthermore, the abundances of caspase-1 (p20), Bcl-2, and Bax immunoreactivity were evaluated. ADM administration improved the biochemical parameters of DOX-induced nephrotoxicity, significantly reduced oxidative damage markers and inflammatory mediators, and suppressed both apoptosis and pyroptosis. These results were confirmed by the histopathological findings and revealed that ADM’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-pyroptotic properties may have prospective applications in the amelioration of DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted metabolic and hormonal disorder in females of reproductive age, frequently associated with cardiac disturbances. This research aimed to explore the protective potential of adropin and/or tirzepatide (Tirze) on cardiometabolic aberrations in the letrozole-induced PCOS model. Female Wistar non-pregnant rats were allotted into five groups: CON; PCOS; PCOS + adropin; PCOS + Tirze; and PCOS + adropin+ Tirze. The serum sex hormones, glucose, and lipid profiles were securitized. Cardiac phosphorylated levels of AKT(pAKT), glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (pGSK-3β), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLPR3), IL-1β and IL-18 were assayed. The cardiac redox status and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) parameters including relative glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) gene expressions were detected. Finally, the immunoreactivity of cardiac NF-κB, Bcl2, and BAX were assessed. Our results displayed that adropin and/or Tirze intervention successfully alleviated the PCOS-provoked cardiometabolic derangements with better results recorded for the combination treatment. The synergistic effect of adropin and Tirze is mostly mediated via activating the cardiac Akt, which dampens the GSK3β/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, with a sequel of alleviating oxidative damage, inflammatory response, ER stress, and related apoptosis, making them alluring desirable therapeutic targets in PCOS-associated cardiac complications.

This study, for the first time, evaluated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol-loaded phytosome nanoparticles (RES-PNPs) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and associated testicular dysfunction, compared with free resveratrol (RES). Ninety male Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups, (1) control; (2) RES (10 mg/kg/day, orally); (3) RES-PNPs (10 mg/kg/day, orally); (4) EAC, induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 × 10⁶ cells; (5) EAC + RES; and (6) EAC + RES-PNPs, treated for 20 days post-tumor inoculation. Tumor growth parameters, reproductive function, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory mediators, apoptotic markers, and histopathological features were assessed. Additionally, in silico docking was performed to identify molecular targets mediating RES effects. RES-PNPs markedly reduced tumor volume, ascitic cell viability, and body weight gain while significantly prolonging survival compared with free RES. Molecular assays revealed enhanced pro-apoptotic signaling (increased Bax and Caspase-3, decreased Bcl-2), suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and inhibition of COX-2 with reduced TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β levels. RES-PNPs also restored semen quality, normalized reproductive hormones, elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced lipid and protein oxidation, corroborated by notable testicular histological protection. In conclusion, Resveratrol-loaded phytosome nanoparticles provide superior anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic benefits compared with free RES. These findings highlight RES-PNPs as a potent and stable nanoformulation for effective EAC suppression and preservation of male reproductive integrity.

Background: Wound healing is a complex process necessary for repairing damaged tissues and preventing infection. Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) were known by their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, also niacin has angiogenesis and antioxidant effect that is important in wound healing. Objective: The present study was to investigate the effect of Se NPs and niacin in reducing and accelerating the wound healing time in mice. Methods: A simple wet chemical method has been modified to synthesize Se NPs in order to investigate their effect and niacin on reducing the wound healing in 80 adult female albino mice (250 mm2 full thickness open excision wound) that were divided into eight groups (10 mice/each). After 30-daymice were sacrificed, blood and tissue samples were taken for analysis. Results: The results showed that the percentage of wound area has been significantly reduced in Se NPs and niacin treated groups compared to the positive control. The level of Vascular Endothelial cell Growth Factor and Collagenase I in Se NPs and niacin groups significantly exceed those of other groups while nitric oxide (NO) was significantly decreased in treated groups. Liver and kidney functions showed Se NPs and niacin lower toxicity effect. Skin tissue showed the wound healing effect of Se NPs and niacin by regenerating skin layer compared to the positive group. The high antioxidant property and low hemolysis activity of Se NPs and niacin proved the biocompatible nature of Se NPs and niacin. A possible mechanism depends on the obtained results has been proposed. Conclusion: Se NPs and niacin play an important role in accelerating and reducing the time of wound healing while they were antagonistic to each other.

It is crucial to identify Enterobacterales that produce carbapenemase to treat and manage hospital infections. The suggested techniques for their identification need a lengthy wait, technical knowledge, and training. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) provide a solution to these requirements. Thus, this study compared LFIA with phenotypic and genotypic tests for carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Fifty clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant superbugs were examined. KPC, VIM, NDM, IMP, and OXA-48-like enzymes were evaluated and compared with phenotypic tests and LFIA. Regarding the phenotypic characteristics, the mCIM was positive in 37/50 (74%), and the eCIM was positive in 21/50 (42%). Regarding using LFIA, 41 out of the total isolates (82%) gave a positive red line with one or more of the tested genes. The most frequently detected gene was bla_NDM (27/50 (54%)), and the least detected one was bla_IMP (14/50 (28%)), which was in accordance with the PCR results. While investigating the accuracy of LFIA vs. PCR, it was found that LFIA had 100% sensitivity in the detection of the bla_NDM and bla_OXA genes, with 85.2% and 91.4% specificity, respectively, while for the bla_IMP, bla_KPC, and bla_VIM genes, the values were 91.7% and 92.1%, 94.1% and 90.9%, and 95.5% and 89.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of LFIA ranged from 92 to 94%. Our comparison with molecular assays revealed remarkable agreement, so we propose that this test might be utilized as a supplementary tool.