While the national prevalence of stunting in Indonesia has decreased, the level remains high in many districts/cities and there is significant variation. This ecological study employed aggregated data from the Basic Health Research Report and the District/City Poverty Data from 2018. We investigated the determinants of stunting prevalence at the district/city level, including autocorrelation applying the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model. The analyses revealed stunting prevalence above the national average in 282 districts/cities (54.9%), i.e. ≥30% in 297 districts/cities (57.8%) and ≥40% in 91 districts/cities (17.7%). Autocorrelation was found between Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi as well as Bali, East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara (Bali NTT NTB). The SAR modelling revealed the following variables with significant impact on the stunting prevalence in various parts of the country: closet defecation, hand washing, at least four antenatal care visits during pregnancy, poverty, immunisation and supplementary food for children under 5 years.

Hydropower is a critical renewable energy technology with the potential to contribute significantly to the global clean energy transition. However, despite its many advantages, hydropower development faces complex sustainability challenges, including environmental degradation, social displacement, and fluctuating economic returns. These challenges highlight the need for a comprehensive assessment of hydropower projects across multiple dimensions of sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of hydropower by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 65 peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2022. It follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards to analyse key environmental, social, economic, technical, and policy barriers to sustainable development. The review systematically examines findings from these studies, identifying recurrent themes and critical barriers. The results reveal that while hydropower can enhance energy security and reduce carbon emissions, its implementation often leads to ecological disruption, community displacement, and varying economic benefits. The study underscores the necessity for robust policy frameworks, advanced technologies, and greater stakeholder engagement to mitigate these negative impacts and promote the sustainable development of hydropower.

Anaemia is still a public health problem in Indonesia. The iron supplement program, known as Tablet Tambah Darah (Blood Add Tablet) has not yet produced optimal results. This study aimed to identify the cause of anaemia and the factors that influence it. Biochemical indicator data are haemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) from 9,463 women of reproduction age. Data from the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) project of 2013 were used for the study. ANOVA as well as global and local regression approaches (classical regression and geo-weighted regression) were used to compare the mean Hb and CRP values between provinces and to determine the factors that influence Hb concentrations. The results showed that the distribution of anaemia in Indonesia is uneven and not always caused by iron deficiency. The lowest Hb mean coupled with the highest iron deficiency was found in Papua, where there are high rates of parasitic infections. In contrast, the highest mean Hb coupled with low iron deficiency, and also low infection rates, was found in North Sulawesi. The Hb concentrations were significantly associated by ferritin, CRP and sTfR and there were varying magnitudes between provinces. Although anaemia is mainly influenced by the iron concentration, CRP, ferritin and sTfR can also affect it through their association with inflammatory reactions. Identification of all causes of anaemia in each province needs to be done in the future, while blanket iron supplementation should be reviewed.

IndonesianKesenjangan tingkat produktivitas padi di Indonesia cukup besar yang di antaranya dipengaruhi oleh luasnya wilayah pertanaman. Hal ini berdampak pada desain dan penerapan model Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) berbasis produktivitas. Perluasan klaster pada tingkat provinsi diperkirakan dapat mengurangi keragaman produktivitas di tingkat wilayah kota/kabupaten sebagai risiko dasar pemanfaatan skema AUTP berbasis klaster. Klaster, sebagai wilayah atau zona, diperlukan untuk menentukan indeks kritis produktivitas yang akurat dalam rangka penghitungan tingkat premi yang tepat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat produktivitas kritis pada lahan padi yang menerapkan skema AUTP. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pendekatan batas bawah Two Sigma yang dapat dianggap sebagai batas produktivitas kritis untuk setiap klaster. Teknik ini memberikan persentase yang rendah atas klaim yang terjadi, serta ekspektasi dan simpangan baku dari risiko dasar kerugian. Tarif premi murni yang diperoleh adalah Rp85.191,18, hampir 2,5 kali lipat lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan menggunakan teknik lain sebagai batas poduktivitas. Hasil kajian ini mengungkapkan bahwa penggunaan skema berbasis klaster lebih baik dari skema berbasis provinsi, sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh nilai TVaR. Kajian ini menyarankan agar Kementerian Pertanian dapat merancang model AUTP berbasis produktivitas berdasarkan klaster dengan setiap klaster memiliki nilai indeks produktivitas kritis yang berbeda untuk menetapkan tingkat premi yang dikenakan.EnglishThere is a large gap in productivity of paddy in Indonesia which is, among others affected by the area size of crop planting. This condition should influence the design and application model of the rice crop insurance scheme. Developing clusters under the province level is recommended to reduce the heterogeneous productivity as basis risk within regencies/municipalities in improving the area yield index of crop insurance policy in Indonesia. Clusters, as the zone, are necessary to determine accurate critical yield index leading to a more precise premium rate making. This study aims to determine critical productivity level on rice crop insurance area. This study applied statistical analysis using the lower bound of Two Sigma as a critical yield for each cluster. This technique provides a small percentage of claim, and the expectation and standard deviation of basis risk loss. The pure premium rate obtained from the analysis is IDR85,191.18, that is almost 2.5 times less than using other methods as trigger productivity. The analysis result emphasized that the use of the cluster-based scheme is better than the province-based as shown by TVaR value. The study suggests that the Ministry of Agriculture could design the area yield index based on clusters as each cluster will have a different critical productivity index with adjusted premium rate value.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the country’s contribution to research on halal food small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) taken from the Scopus database for 10 years from 2013 to 2022 so that it can provide an overview of the effort that needs to be made by the government to improve research in this field. Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this study was bibliometric analysis. The data comes from the Scopus database over the past 10 years (2013–2022). To create data visualization and network analysis using VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, Bibliometrix and MS Excel. Findings: Research on halal food SMEs has grown by almost 25%, with Malaysia leading with 447 publications. The UK is the leading country in publishing research articles with 44 journals. Malaysia has the most institutions (40 institutions for 25% globally). Malaysia has most research funding agencies (22 for 14% globally). Malaysia has the highest number of citations in halal food SMEs, with 3547 citations, followed by China and Indonesia. Malaysia has also the highest number of collaborating researchers and the most invitations. Future research focuses on sustainability, social issues, Internet of Things technologies, innovative technologies and strategies to increase productivity and competitiveness. Originality/value: This research is a reference and overview of future research in halal food SMEs with the perspective of a country contribution angle. It provides input to the government on what needs to be done to develop research in the halal field in line with the goal of a country becoming the center of the global halal industry.

Background: Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies remain significant public health burdens among Indonesian children under five years of age. This study assessed the relationship between growth indicators and micronutrient status of children aged 0–59 months. Methods: A cross-sectional design was performed, utilizing the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data and biological specimens, including 550 samples from children aged between 0 and 59 months old. The Riskesdas data used in this study were demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status. The biological samples were used to measure micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A (VA), and vitamin D (VD). Results: Overall, 23.1% of children were stunted, and 10.5% were wasted. This study also revealed that the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency was 34.2%, 38.7%, 8.2%, 7.8%, and 0.4% for ferritin, zinc, calcium, VA, and VD, respectively. Moreover, wasting was significantly higher in girls (13.5%) than in boys (8.2%, p = 0.044). Stunted children had significantly lower ferritin values, while wasted children had lower VA concentrations. In contrast, VD was lower in overweight children. Lastly, this study found that height for age Z-scores (HAZ score) and Body Mass Index (BMI) for age Z-scores (BAZ score) correlated positively with ferritin, zinc, and calcium levels. Conclusions: Stunting, wasting, and multiple micronutrient deficiencies remain prevalent among Indonesian children under five years of age. Strengthening nutrition interventions, in particular for iron, zinc, VA, and VD, is essential to improve child growth and health outcomes in this population.