Elektroensefalografi (EEG), fonksiyonel merkezi sinir sistemi bozukluklarının değerlendirilmesi için önemli bir muayene yöntemidir. Bu makalenin amacı, EEG’nin köpeklerde kullanımını gözden geçirmek ve tekniklerinin açıklanarak veteriner hekimlik uygulanmalarının pratikleştirilmesini sağlamaktır. Ayrıca, elektrookülografi (EOG) verileri ile birlikte EEG modeli ilişkisi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Son zamanlarda gelişmekte olan köpek bilişi ve uyku araştırmaları alanlarına yönelik farklı bakış açısı kazandırılması da hedeflenmektedir. Makale içeriğinde değinilen teknikler halihazırda çeşitli birçok köpekte uygulanmıştır. Değinilen yöntemler, küçük hayvan tıbbının en zor alanlarından biri olan sinir hastalıklarının ve beynin fonksiyonel aktivitesinin araştırılmasında önemli role sahiptirler. Bu teknikler fizyoloji, biyofizik ve bilgisayar bilimleri gibi alanların da gelişimiyle her geçen gün daha fazla bilgi verir hale gelecektir.

Fusion cuisine blends ingredients, cooking techniques, and flavours from different cultures, yet little is known about how it is perceived within the context of gastrodiplomacy. This study explores perceptions of fusion cuisine at a multicultural gastrodiplomacy event held in Kosovo, where the participants first sampled Turkish–Kosovar fusion dishes during tasting sessions and subsequently completed an online questionnaire designed to assess their experience. In this event, participants attended structured tasting activities in Prizren and Pristina, where they sampled dishes combining elements of both culinary traditions, and then completed an online structured questionnaire consisting of 5-point Likert-type items evaluating their fusion cuisine preferences. The study was conducted in Kosovo as part of a unilateral gastrodiplomatic initiative. A total of 451 participants responded to an online questionnaire, which included fusion cuisine preference scores and metaphorical descriptions of their culinary experiences. A key contextual characteristic of this study is that data were collected exclusively during a fusion cuisine event held in Kosovo, with participation from a multinational audience who attended the event. Therefore, the sample reflects diverse cultural backgrounds within a single-location setting. The results indicate that younger, highly educated, and higher-income participants exhibited significantly greater openness to culinary diversity. These findings advance the state of knowledge by demonstrating that public reception of gastrodiplomacy is stratified by socioeconomic factors rather than defined solely by national background. Practically, this implies that effective fusion-based diplomacy requires targeted strategies to bridge demographic gaps and ensure broader social inclusivity, rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all approach.

Canine anxiety is a complex welfare issue involving neuro-endocrine dysregulation. While acute stress biomarkers are widely used, the chronic metabolic consequences of anxiety remain under-investigated. Hair mineral analysis offers a retrospective window into long-term systemic homeostasis. This study aimed to identify chronic trace element signatures in the hair of anxious dogs compared to healthy controls and evaluate whether behavioral recovery induced by Hericium erinaceus supplementation is reflected in the hair mineral matrix. Hair samples from 21 healthy controls and 8 clinically anxious dogs were analyzed for a 16-element panel (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Ni, Si, Ca, P, Al, Cd, Cr, As, B, and Pb) using ICP-OES. The anxious cohort received H. erinaceus extract (1000 mg/10 kg) daily for 28 days. Anxious dogs exhibited a distinct dyshomeostatic profile characterized by significantly higher hair zinc and aluminum, alongside a profound depletion of nickel ( p < 0.001) and significantly elevated phosphorus (P) levels ( p = 0.003). Supplementation led to a substantial 62% reduction in anxiety scores ( p = 0.002), and post-treatment scores were no longer statistically different from those of the control group. However, most hair mineral concentrations remained stable post-treatment, with the notable exception of a significant increase in calcium (Ca) levels ( p = 0.012). Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that higher anxiety severity was strongly and negatively associated with hair iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr) levels ( r _s = -0.77, p = 0.041). These findings suggest that hair Zn, Al, and Ni status may represent potential candidate biomarkers, warranting validation in larger cohorts of the chronic anxious phenotype. The persistence of these signatures despite rapid clinical improvement supports a temporal dissociation between behavioral recovery and metabolic normalization as reflected in the hair matrix. Graphical Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the agreement of wrist-based step count and walking distance metrics from an investigational wearable device with consumer- and research-grade reference devices in post-operative inpatients, and to explore performance at alternative anatomical placements. Methods: In this single-centre observational study, 99 patients (median age 58.0 years [IQR 48.0-66.5]) were monitored during the early post-operative period following cardiac or thoracic surgery. The investigational device was worn simultaneously on the wrist, upper arm, and chest. Wrist analyses were prespecified as primary, whereas upper-arm and chest analyses were exploratory. Reference data were collected using an Apple Watch Series 8 (wrist) and an Axivity AX6 (ankle). Axivity-derived reference step count outputs were obtained from raw accelerometry data processed offline using the open-source NiMBaLWear analytics pipeline. Agreement was assessed using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1), and repeated-measures Bland-Altman analysis. Results: In the prespecified primary wrist analysis, agreement with the Axivity AX6 reference was strong (CCC = 0.850, ICC = 0.852, MAPE = 40.7%). Apple Watch Series 8 agreement with Axivity was lower (CCC = 0.621, ICC = 0.622, MAPE = 67.8%). In exploratory analyses, orientation-aware axis alignment substantially improved agreement at the upper arm and chest (CCC=0.917 and 0.916, respectively). Conclusions: The wrist-based implementation demonstrated agreement with the evaluated reference devices for step count and walking distance in early postoperative inpatients. These findings reflect device-to-device agreement rather than absolute accuracy against a criterion standard. Orientation-aware alignment improved agreement at alternative wear locations, but these exploratory findings require independent prospective validation.