This book deals with neutrino physics and astrophysics — a field in which some of the most exciting recent developments in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology took place. The book discusses all the topics vital to the understanding of the nature of neutrinos such as what they are, how to describe them, how they behave in nature, and the roles that neutrinos play in shaping our universe. The book provides discussions, both experimental and theoretical, with relevant mathematical details, on neutrino oscillations, extra-terrestrial as well as terrestrial neutrinos and the relic neutrinos. It also discusses many implications of current experimental data on reactor, accelerator, atmospheric, solar, and supernova neutrinos with future perspectives. The book starts with an introduction to field theory and gauge theory, with helpful appendices, and it also provides pedagogical, but sufficiently detailed, reviews of supernova physics and cosmology, in particular the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.

A review is given of the theory and phenomenology of neutrino electromagnetic interactions, which provide powerful tools to probe the physics beyond the standard model. After a derivation of the general structure of the electromagnetic interactions of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in the one-photon approximation, the effects of neutrino electromagnetic interactions in terrestrial experiments and in astrophysical environments are discussed. The experimental bounds on neutrino electromagnetic properties are presented and the predictions of theories beyond the standard model are confronted.

We calculate the statistical significance of the anomalous deficit of electron neutrinos measured in the radioactive source experiments of the GALLEX and SAGE solar neutrino detectors, taking into account the uncertainty of the detection cross section. We found that the statistical significance of the anomaly is $~$ $3.0\sigma$. A fit of the data in terms of neutrino oscillations favors at $~$ $2.7\sigma$ short-baseline electron neutrino disappearance with respect to the null hypothesis of no oscillations.

We present the results of an updated fit of short-baseline neutrino oscillation data in the framework of 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing. We first consider ν _e and \( {\overline{\nu}}_e \) disappearance in the light of the Gallium and reactor anomalies. We discuss the implications of the recent measurement of the reactor \( {\overline{\nu}}_e \) spectrum in the NEOS experiment, which shifts the allowed regions of the parameter space towards smaller values of |U _e4|². The β-decay constraints of the Mainz and Troitsk experiments allow us to limit the oscillation length between about 2 cm and 7 m at 3σ for neutrinos with an energy of 1 MeV. The corresponding oscillations can be discovered in a model-independent way in ongoing reactor and source experiments by measuring ν _e and \( {\overline{\nu}}_e \) disappearance as a function of distance. We then consider the global fit of the data on short-baseline \( {}_{\nu_{\mu}}^{\left(-\right)}{\to}_{\nu_e}^{\left(-\right)} \) transitions in the light of the LSND anomaly, taking into account the constraints from \( {}_{\nu_e}^{\left(-\right)} \) and \( {}_{\nu_{\mu}}^{\left(-\right)} \) disappearance experiments, including the recent data of the MINOS and IceCube experiments. The combination of the NEOS constraints on |U _e4|² and the MINOS and IceCube constraints on |U _μ4|² lead to an unacceptable appearance-disappearance tension which becomes tolerable only in a pragmatic fit which neglects the MiniBooNE low-energy anomaly. The minimization of the global χ ² in the space of the four mixing parameters Δm ₄₁ ² , |U _e4|², |U _μ4|², and |U _τ4|² leads to three allowed regions with narrow Δm ₄₁ ² widths at Δm ₄₁ ² ≈ 1.7 (best-fit), 1.3 (at 2σ), 2.4 (at 3σ) eV². The effective amplitude of short-baseline \( {}_{\nu_{\mu}}^{\left(-\right)}{\to}_{\nu_e}^{\left(-\right)} \) oscillations is limited by 0.00048 ≲ sin² 2ϑ _eμ ≲ 0.0020 at 3σ. The restrictions of the allowed regions of the mixing parameters with respect to our previous global fits are mainly due to the NEOS constraints. We present a comparison of the allowed regions of the mixing parameters with the sensitivities of ongoing experiments, which show that it is likely that these experiments will determine in a definitive way if the reactor, Gallium and LSND anomalies are due to active-sterile neutrino oscillations or not.