In recent years, endovascular treatments have become more common in patients with renal artery stenosis and aneurysm. Although the treatment algorithms are not universally accepted, endovascular therapy can be readily utilized for the appropriate indications in the context of surgical treatment for renovascular diseases. The most important factor to consider is that the correct indication is applied for such treatment. Although the applied procedures are believed to have minimal risk, any complications that occur may result in major problems. Moreover, the pathology that is being treated (e.g., hypertension, high serum creatinine concentration, or low glomerular filtration rate) must be well defined. As stent and balloon technologies continue to be developed, more positive results are expected in the coming years. In the present study, we reviewed the endovascular treatment algorithms for atherosclerotic renovascular disease and performed a narrative review of the current literature.

The indications for concominant tricuspid valve surgery in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for rheumatic reasons are limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of severe pulmonary hypertension and low TAPSE values on early-term mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement. The data of all patients who underwent mitral valve replacement between January 2013 and August 2020 were examined retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to pulmonary artery pressure (PAP ≥ 50 and PAP < 50). The group with PAP > 50 was then divided into 2 subgroups according to TAPSE (1.5 ≥ or < 1.5) values. The early-term mortality and morbidity rates of these groups were compared. Seventy-nine patients who underwent mitral valve replacement were included in the study. Fifty-four (68%) of them were female, and 25 (32%) were male. During the preoperative period, the TAPSE was 16.8 ± 3.0 mm, and the PAP was 52.1 ± 14.1 mmHg. There were 53 patients with PAP > 50 and 26 patients with PAP < 50. In the PAP > 50 group, the rates of tricuspid regurgitation (p < 0.001), blood transfusion (p < 0.001), intensive care unit stay (p < 0.001), need for CPAP (p = 0.043), reintubation (p = 0.048), acute renal failure (p = 0.028), and mortality (p = 0.026) were found to be significantly different. In conclusion, we believe that in patients with mitral valve pathology, early referral for surgical intervention, before the pulmonary pressures significantly increase and right ventricular function deteriorates, can enhance survival outcomes.

Background: The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) are recognized markers linked to inflammation and have been studied across various fields. This study aimed to evaluate which systemic inflammation indices are more specific to post-cardiac surgery mortality and morbidity. Method: A total of 1528 cardiac surgery patients were retrospectively analyzed, including a subset of 1205 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study assessed the associations between the NLR, PLR, and LMR and postoperative complications. The predictive accuracy of indices was also specifically compared within the CABG subgroup. While the NLR and PLR indicated the occurrence of events, the LMR, with a receiver operating characteristic curve below 0.5, was interpreted as “free of events”. The cut-off values were determined as NLR: 3.10, PLR: 143.9, and LMR: 3.52. Results: The NLR correlated with higher mortality and complications, whereas the PLR showed no significant relation to neurological complications. The LMR was found to be related to the non-occurrence of events. Patients with higher NLR and PLR values experienced increased mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, as well as a higher incidence of complications, including postoperative revision, atrial fibrillation (AF), and renal issues. Conversely, higher LMR values corresponded with lower rates of such complications. Conclusion: The NLR has emerged as a crucial indicator for predicting mortality and complications in cardiac surgery patients, more so than the PLR and LMR. Specifically, the NLR can be used to indicate the risk of mortality and complications in cardiac surgery. This prediction can be supported further using the PLR and LMR.

Aim. Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are more likely to have higher risk of cardiac events. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be used to measure the aortic dis-tensibility and it is known as inversely related to the arterial compliance. Increased aortic stiffness which is assessed by PWV, is seem to be associated with arterial blood pressure. In this study, we investigated the arterial compliance by PWV in patients with CID including RA and FMF.Material and methods. We studied 25 patients with RA, 33 patients with FMF and 31 healthy subjects without a history of any cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia (89 subjects in total). We measured the arterial compliance by automatic carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV using Complior Colson (France) device. PWV (m/s) = distance (m)/transit time(s).Results. It is seen that, patients with CID have higher carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV (8,76±2,09 vs 8,07±0,94 m/s) compared to control groups (p=0,03). There were significant correlations between PWV and age, body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure. (p<0,001, r=0,65; p<0,001, r=0,36; p<0,001, r=0,42; p<0,001, r=0,46; p<0,001, r=0,48, respectively).Conclusion. Arterial compliance, which is assessed by carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV, is decreased in patients with CID such as RA and FMF when it is compared to healthy control group.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process characterized by thickening and hardening of the vascular walls. In many studies, the effect of statin therapy on atherosclerosis has been investigated. The effect of statins on slowing the atherosclerotic process and its clinical results have been revealed. Aims and Objective: The aims of the study was to investigate the protection of statin in the ascending aorta. Materials and Methods: The current study examined the presence of atherosclerosis by means of histopathologic evaluation of the tissues which sampled from ascending aorta during the CABG. These two groups of patients were evaluated in terms of the laboratory tests and the presence of atherosclerosis. Results: There were 43 male (89.6%), and 5 female (10.4%) patients between 39 and 81 years of age were included in the study. There were no statistically significant difference between the patients’ preoperative cardiovascular risk assessments. It was observed that the LDL value of the group using statin was 56 ± 13.66 mg / dl, and the group that did not use was 57 ± 12.97 mg / dl. There were 6 patients (30%) in the statin group and 8 patients (28.6%) in the other group that did not use statin. There were no statistically significant difference in term of atherosclerosis between two groups. Conclusion: We evaluated the atherosclerosis of ascending aorta in patients using and not using statin. Even though there were no difference in atherosclerosis in large-scale vascular structures with higher flow rates such as ascending aorta, we think that statin reduces possible aortic pathologies by stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaque and reducing the shear stress.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to characterise induction-phase regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO₂)–mean arterial pressure (MAP) dynamics during near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-guided selective carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and to examine whether the Awake→Intubated pressure–oxygenation pattern may represent an early adjunctive physiological signal of subsequent cross-clamp-related ipsilateral cerebral desaturation. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, 322 consecutive elective CEAs managed with an NIRS-guided selective shunting protocol between October 2019 and February 2025 were analysed, after excluding patients considered for routine pre-emptive shunting because of contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion or ≥70% stenosis. Standardised MAP and bilateral rSO₂ values were extracted at the Awake, Intubated, and Clamp stages, defined as 3 min after carotid cross-clamping. Awake→Intubated ipsilateral ΔrSO₂/ΔMAP was evaluated as a continuous, exploratory pressure–oxygenation index, with MAP–rSO₂ directional change classified as concordant or discordant. Clamp-related desaturation was defined as a ≥20% ipsilateral rSO₂ decrease from Awake to Clamp. Discrimination and adjusted associations were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariable logistic regression, respectively. Results: Clamp-related ≥20% ipsilateral rSO₂ desaturation occurred in 43 patients (13.4%). The Awake→Intubated ipsilateral ΔrSO₂/ΔMAP ratio differed significantly between patients with and without ≥20% desaturation and showed significant discrimination on receiver operating characteristic analysis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.799 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.723–0.876; p < 0.001). Concordant pressure–oxygenation change was more frequent among patients with ≥20% desaturation (31/43, 72.1%), whereas discordant change predominated among those without desaturation (228/279, 81.7%; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, Awake→Intubated ipsilateral ΔrSO₂/ΔMAP remained associated with clamp-related ≥20% desaturation after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% CI 1.15–2.33; p = 0.006), along with symptomatic presentation and 50–69% contralateral stenosis. Postoperative stroke occurred in 4/322 patients (1.2%), and no 30-day mortality occurred. Conclusions: During NIRS-guided selective CEA, induction-phase rSO₂–MAP dynamics were associated with subsequent cross-clamp-related ipsilateral cerebral desaturation. As the outcome was a NIRS-defined desaturation rather than an independent clinical, neurological, or imaging endpoint, these findings indicate association with a surrogate marker rather than prediction of clinically relevant cerebral ischaemia. The Awake→Intubated ΔrSO₂/ΔMAP ratio and directional pressure–oxygenation pattern may represent early adjunctive physiological signals associated with clamp-related desaturation. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require prospective validation with systematic multimodal monitoring.