Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is closely linked to metabolic regulation and has been shown to differ between individuals with and without MASLD. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between SHBG and MASLD and their relationships with insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex in a combined male–female cohort. Patients and Methods: We studied 98 men and 54 women with MASLD and 74 men and 55 women without MASLD (aged 25–64 years). Participants underwent abdominal ultrasonography and fasting blood sampling, including measurements of glucose, liver enzymes, lipids, insulin, SHBG, estradiol, and testosterone. Results: SHBG levels were lower in individuals with MASLD than in controls, with a more pronounced reduction in women. MASLD status was associated with an approximately 10 nmol/L lower SHBG concentration (p < 0.0001; gender × MASLD interaction p = 0.0462). Higher estradiol levels were associated with higher SHBG concentrations (p = 0.0009), although this association differed by sex (gender × log-estradiol interaction p = 0.0147). Older age and higher total cholesterol levels were associated with higher SHBG levels, whereas higher triglyceride levels were associated with lower SHBG levels. Conclusions: SHBG showed significant associations with MASLD and with key metabolic and hormonal factors, including BMI, age, and sex. Inclusion of both men and women extends prior male-only research and provides a broader characterisation of sex-specific associations in MASLD.

Background and Objectives: To validate a computed tomography (CT) measure of tendon yaw (TY) and determine its diagnostic specificity, precision, and clinical relevance in recurrent patellar instability (RPI) in comparison with standard imaging tests (SIT1, SIT2), femoral trochlear dysplasia (FTD), and vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) morphology. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 113 subjects (187 knees) examined using a standardized CT protocol for RPI following strict exclusion criteria. TY, SIT1, and SIT2 were measured using predefined axial landmarks. VMO cross-sectional area was assessed at three standardized levels. Diagnostic performance, measurement precision, and interrater agreement were evaluated. Results: TY significantly distinguished recurrent dislocators from nondislocators (p = 0.003) and was independent of age, sex, laterality, and femoral, tibial, or knee rotation (p ≥ 0.42). A threshold of ≥22° demonstrated high diagnostic specificity (92%; 95% CI, 85–97%), with a normal cutoff defined as ≤12°. Measurement precision was approximately 90%. SIT1 and SIT2 were influenced by femoral and knee rotation but not tibial rotation. All imaging tests were associated with FTD (p < 0.0001). No significant correlation was found between any imaging test and VMO area, although VMO was reduced in recurrent dislocators and in women. Conclusions: TY is a direct and highly specific CT measure of extensor mechanism yaw (z-axis rotation) that avoids indirect osseous and soft-tissue surrogates, supporting confirmatory diagnostic assessment and preoperative planning in RPI.

Background/Objectives: Long-term thyroid function in war veterans remains insufficiently characterized. This study examined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Croatian Homeland War veterans compared to controls. Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing 337 male veterans (mean age 62.4 years) with 335 age-comparable male controls (mean age 61.7 years). Thyroid function was assessed via TSH and FT4. The main outcome of interest was the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH over 4.0 mIU/L with normal FT4). Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was more prevalent in veterans (12.5%, 42/335) than controls (5.2%, 16/305; OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.42–4.71, $p$ = 0.001). After adjustment for age and BMI, the association remained significant (adjusted OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.19–4.23, $p$ = 0.012). Mean TSH was modestly higher in veterans (2.53 ± 1.47 vs. 2.06 ± 1.10 mIU/L, p = 0.001), with both groups’ mean values within the normal reference range. Other biochemical parameters showed no significant differences. Conclusions: Veterans showed a higher prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism compared to controls. The clinical significance of this finding requires further investigation, as mean TSH values remained within normal limits in both groups. The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, and unmeasured confounders may contribute to the observed association.