The space of rural areas is subject to constant changes in terms of structure and development. The area structure of rural areas, especially in the south and east of Poland, remains unsatisfactory. The weakness of Polish agriculture is the fragmentation of the area structure of its farms; this was due to historical, natural, economic and social factors and, to a large extent, tradition. Therefore, the current status of agricultural land in Poland requires carrying out many arrangement and agricultural operations. In Ukraine, there is also no coherent IT system that would allow for the efficient management of rural space and agriculture. In order to conduct a coherent rural development policy in the region, the self-governments in Poland and in Ukraine are facing the need to expand the existing spatial information infrastructure system. This study is a proposal to expand the spatial information system with elements related only to agricultural surveying. To this end, the concept of building the Agricultural Geodesy Module was created as an element of the region’s spatial information system. The Agricultural Land Surveying Module will be an information repository and will enable powering the region’s database. Data supplying the repository will be divided into source data, operational data, metadata and final studies, such as analyses or reports. These data will not only be used by the local government of the region, but will also be made available to external users.

Using the data of the remote sensing the Earth, new opportunities in assessing the state of agricultural crops and yield forecasting have been considered. In addition to the above-ground information, as shown by numerous studies conducted earlier, most parameters of the germination and development of agricultural crops can be restored and used from satellite images. Thanks to the software product “Land Viewer”, which enables pictures to be taken from Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8, Sentinel 2 and Terra satellites, and it will provide improving the model and assessment of the biomass potential of agricultural crops. The data obtained from remote sensing during the cropping season, show the in-formation on the condition of agricultural crops sown according to the vegetation stages (photosynthesis process) in crops. At various levels of development, in terms of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the seasonal pattern of crops photosynthesis is well reflected, which is associated with the above-ground biomass. The results have been presented in the current model of crop yield forecasting. The improved forecasting model enables significant increases in the economic efficiency of the research, and ensure the accuracy of the data on the physiological processes of agricultural crops, yields, and efficiency of obtaining the data on the research object.

Motives: Land is the most vital resource that meets basic human needs. There are several mechanisms for achieving the goals of sustainable administration and management of land resources, and the cadastral system is the key mechanism. In most developing countries, the procedures for monitoring the performance of cadastral systems are inadequate or non-existent. Ukraine is not an exception in this respect, and this issue is largely disregarded in the domestic literature.Aim: The objective of the study was to establish an evaluation framework that relies on globally recognized best practices and their corresponding indicators. The main aim of the framework is to measure and assess the effectiveness of Ukraine’s cadastral system.Results: The evaluation methodology consisted of four stages: an analysis of evaluation indicators, identification of international best practices, identification of performance gaps in the cadastral system, and the development of a summary profile based on a SWOT analysis. The cadastral system was evaluated based on indicators within five domains: political, management, operational levels, external factors, and the review process.

The paper describes the theoretical and technical aspects of obtaining information on the condition of cereal crops based on medium resolution space multispectral imagery. Experimental studies have been carried out to create digital index maps for fields with grain crops. The high efficiency of the methodology for studying the state of fields using multispectral satellite images with the use of L1C and higher L2A processing level products is proved, the features and limitations of the methodology are shown. The theoretical and methodological foundations for processing multispectral satellite imagery results have been implemented in many application services and software. They allow, first of all, to generate such important products for explaining the state of vegetation in fields as vegetation index maps. Sentinel-2 L1C and Sentinel-2 L2A space imagery is a valuable and inexpensive source of information on crop condition. During the pilot study, Sentinel- 2 L1C satellite image products were processed to bring them up to the level of Sentinel-2 L2A products. This is a complex step related to the correct selection of the atmospheric correction model and the conversion of pixel values into reflectivity of objects on the Earth's surface. Another important step in this process is the ortho-correction of the images using global terrain models. Such correction can be important for the further generation of task maps for soil and crop management. The creation of a time series of vegetation index maps for a field of winter wheat is a very substantive way to build a field history that fully confirms the theory of remote field monitoring. The information obtained allows us to adapt the processing algorithm to refine the measurement and prediction of quantitative indicators (biomass calculation, yield prediction, etc.). The experiment also revealed some positive features and drawbacks of the method of creating index maps. For example, under certain weather conditions in summer, correcting the images for atmospheric influence does not significantly affect the calculated index values. On the contrary, with the specified acquisition period (5 days), it may turn out that there are no more than 3-5 cloudless days in a month during the spring growing season, which significantly affects the efficiency of mapping. Accordingly, more reliable and accurate, but significantly more expensive, is the multispectral field survey from unmanned aerial vehicles.

The article focuses on the territory of the Kryvyi Rih basin, which is a potential zone where all factors of anthropogenic and natural emergencies associated with significant changes in the natural state of the geological environment are activated. It is proved that the formation of anthropogenic landscape as a result of the creation of quarries, waste dumps, reservoirs, sludge pits, violation of the hydrodynamic regime of groundwater, pollution of surface water, air and soil, together with the peculiarities of the geological structure of Kryvyi Rih, contribute to the intensification of the development of sinkholes, landslides and anthropogenic karst. The study of the tectonic conditions for the formation of sinkholes allowed us to create a cartographic and analytical model of the formation of modern tectonic movements in a large mining region to prevent emergencies. It is concluded that the intensive development of discontinuous faults in the northern direction leads to the formation and intensive development of wedge-shaped sinkholes. The process shifts the boundary of the fault zone in this direction and activates the formation of terraces and smooth landslides. A detailed study of tectonic fault development zones will help to better predict landslide areas and rock displacement contours in the collapse zone, to install survey signs in the necessary towns, and to control the natural and accidental formation of sinkholes. The above photographs, even without commentary, indicate a significant impact of changes in the physical, mechanical and tectonic properties of the geological environment on the formation of anthropogenic elements of the earth's surface relief, as well as the potential danger of emergencies caused by anthropogenic changes in the geomorphological components of the geological environment. In order to prevent emergencies and identify areas with a potential risk of their occurrence, it is recommended to solve the following tasks to continue the research on the state of the fault block tectonics in the Kryvbas and to prepare the corresponding map; to determine the spatial relationship of the mining facilities (quarries, mines, dumps, tailings) and the infrastructure of industrial complexes and settlements with the fault block tectonics; to analyses the impact of the hydraulic structures on the hydrological and hydrogeological regime of the surface and ground water in the region; To determine the nature of the geological environment. The achievement of the above tasks will allow the development of criteria for the prevention of emergencies by determining the degree of damage to the geological environment and the development of measures aimed at minimizing the negative impact of mining on the geological environment.

Приділено увагу характеристиці обводнених кар’єрів: їх виникненню, функціонуванню та правовим аспектам використання; розглянуто питання державного обліку земельних ділянок, зайнятих обводненими кар’єрами. Запропоновано вибір критеріїв для їх класифікації, на підставі яких проведено аналіз відомостей щодо земельних ділянок, зайнятих обводненими кар’єрами Криворізького гірничодобувного регіону. Обґрунтовано склад кадастрових робіт, необхідних для постановки об'єкта нерухомості на державний кадастровий облік, проведено огляд методів та нормативних вимог до точності визначення меж земельних ділянок. Рекомендовано проведення кадастрових робіт із врахуванням і контролем екологічного та санітарно- епідеміологічного стану обводненого кар'єра, що дозволить забезпечити необхідною інформацією органи державної влади, місцевого самоврядування, фізичні та юридичні особи під час регулювання та управління земельними відносинами для організації раціонального використання та охорони земельних ділянок, зайнятих обводненими кар’єрами.