Objective: The human condyle is capable of remodelling over time as numerous factors such as age, sex, occlusal force, malocclusion, and skeletal relationship influence this remodelling. This change in shape can lead to the numerous symptoms of degenerative joint disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the different morphologies of the condyle in different age groups at the Faculty of Dentistry, …. University, …., using orthopantomography. Material and Method: A total of 681 panoramic radiographs obtained for this study. The study group consists of 399 female and 282 male individuals aged between 15-55 years. Articular eminence and glenoid fossa regions of the mandibular condyle was traced. The mandibular condyle morphology was classified into six types such as oval, birdbeak, diamond, flat, crooked finger and bifid. Intergroup differences were evaluated with Chi-square and McNemar tests. (p<0.05) Result: A total of 1362 right and left condyles of 681 patients were examined. The most common shape among the six condylar types -regardless of age and gender- was oval condylar morphology, followed by flat, diamond-shaped, crooked finger, birdbeak, and bifid. Conclusion: As a result of the examination of condyle shapes in individuals with different ages on panoramic radiographs, the process of remodelling of the temporomandibular joint condyle over time was observed. The differences found between the age groups are interpreted to be related to the cumulative increase in the amount of functional loading to which the condyle is exposed with increasing age.

Comparing nasal cavity and pharyngeal airway volumes and minimum cross-sectional areas in nongrowing patients who underwent miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) with and without pterygomaxillary disjunction (PD). Pretreatment and post-expansion cone beam computed tomography scans of 30 patients (mean age: 18.6 years), diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency, were grouped into three (n = 10 each) according to expansion protocol: 1) MARPE; 2) SARME without PD [SARME-PD(-)]; 3) SARME with PD [SARME-PD(+)]. In NemoStudio software, eleven linear measurements were used to evaluate nasal and maxillary skeletal parameters. Eight airway measurements were used to evaluate the volume and minimum cross-section of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, retropalatal region, and retroglossal region. Intragroup and intergroup changes were evaluated for statistical significance at P < 0.05. Nasal lateral, nasal floor, external maxillary, palatal, and maxillary intermolar widths significantly increased in all groups. In MARPE, nasal cavity and nasopharynx volumes and minimum cross-sectional area increased significantly. Nasopharyngeal volume increased significantly in SARME-PD(-), whereas nasal cavity volume and minimum cross-sectional area decreased significantly in SARME-PD(+). MARPE group showed greater expansion in nasal lateral width than SARME-PD(-) and SARME-PD(+) groups. Mean changes in nasal cavity volume, minimum cross-sectional area, and nasopharyngeal volume were significantly greater in MARPE than in SARME-PD(+). MARPE group showed greater increases in linear and volumetric measurements. However, differences were statistically insignificant compared to SARME-PD(-). Retropalatal and retroglossal parameters were unaffected in all groups. PD did not provide substantial advantage.

Background/Objectives: The early and accurate identification of impacted teeth in the maxilla is critical for effective dental treatment planning. Traditional diagnostic methods relying on manual interpretation of radiographic images are often time-consuming and subject to variability. Methods: This study presents a deep learning-based approach for automated classification of impacted maxillary canines using panoramic radiographs. A comparative evaluation of four pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures—ResNet50, Xception, InceptionV3, and VGG16—was conducted through transfer learning techniques. In this retrospective single-center study, the dataset comprised 694 annotated panoramic radiographs sourced from the archives of a university dental hospital, with a mildly imbalanced representation of impacted and non-impacted cases. Models were assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. Results: Among the tested architectures, VGG16 demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 99.28% and an F1-score of 99.43%. Additionally, a prototype diagnostic interface was developed to demonstrate the potential for clinical application. Conclusions: The findings underscore the potential of deep learning models, particularly VGG16, in enhancing diagnostic workflows; however, further validation on diverse, multi-center datasets is required to confirm clinical generalizability.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of rs1799750 1G/2G polymorphism of the MMP1 gene and rs1800470 T/C polymorphism of the TGF -ß 1 gene on temporomandibular disk displacement and vertical facial development. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six individuals were examined radiographically prior to evaluation of the signs/symptoms of temporomandibular disorders according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Class II, hyperdivergent individuals with TMD (+) were assigned to Group 1, and individuals with TMD (−) were included in Group 2; while Class I, normodivergent individuals with TMD (−) were included in Group 3. For genetic analysis, oral mucosa swab samples were collected, and genotype analysis was performed. Results: The incidence of 2G alleles in Group 2 (72.7%) was significantly higher than the other groups ( P < .05). ANB angle and mean Wits of the 1G/1G genotype of the MMP1 gene were significantly lower than 1G/2G and 2G/2G. Mean Go-Gn of the 1G/1G genotype was significantly higher than that of 1G/2G. The mean SNB of the TGF-β1 TT genotype was significantly higher than TC. The mean Co-Gn of TT was significantly higher than CC. Conclusions: A relationship was found between the 2G allele of rs1799750 1G/2G polymorphisms of the MMP1 gene and the risk of individuals developing disk displacement. Also, it was found that TGF -ß 1 gene rs1800470 29 T/C polymorphisms had a detrimental effect on mandibular development.

Condylar Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Maxillary Impacted Canines: A Panoramic Radiography Study - Turkish Journal of Orthodontics

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to observe the harmony between hard and soft tissue alterations on lateral cephalograms of patients with Class III malocclusion following orthodontic treatment. Methods: Fifteen patients (7 male, 8 female; mean age: 21.4±0.49 years) who underwent received Class III non-extraction camouflage treatment with intermaxillary elastics were included in the study. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were evaluated for hard and soft tissue changes using NemoStudio NX-Pro software. Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation analyses, and linear regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set at p