There is a growing pressure for further breast cancer treatment development to improve patient quality of life and clinical effectiveness while reducing drug resistance and side effects. Clinical research, however, remains both expensive and time-consuming, highlighting the importance of advancing preclinical studies. The ability of a model to accurately replicate the biological environment is essential for generating reliable data. Although research on two-dimensional in vitro cell culture systems has been conducted for over a century, their limited complexity hinders further development of cancer treatments. Consequently, the response to tested medications is artificial, since some drugs appear to be effective only in the two-dimensional model and not in clinical settings. A multicellular spheroid (MCS) is a three-dimensional assembly of cancer cells, used in oncology to study cancer biology and drug sensitivity. MCSs serve as valuable in vitro models in preclinical drug development. They can also be used in a clinical setting as a personalized tool for drug susceptibility screening. The objective of this review is to highlight new possibilities for improved anticancer drug screening and the development of personalized treatment regimens with multicellular spheroids.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological conditions worldwide, estimated to affect up to 85–90% of the population at some point in their lives. While most frequently observed in adolescents and young adults, an increasing number of patients over the age of 25- long after the period of puberty- are presenting with this problem. The pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving sebaceous gland hyperactivity, follicular hyperkeratosis, excessive proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation, all of which lead to a disruption of skin homeostasis. The causes of this deregulation are primarily attributed to hormonal imbalances, particularly the influence of androgens, as well as carbohydrate metabolism dysfunction and chronic stress. For decades, several groups of medications have been used interchangeably, including isotretinoin, hormonal contraceptives, antibiotics, spironolactone, and various topical agents. Although these treatments have proven effective in many cases, a significant proportion of patients still face side effects, lack of clinical improvement, or disease recurrence. After many years without the introduction of any innovative medication, a new option has emerged for patients struggling with acne vulgaris: clascoterone. Its mechanism of action consists of blocking androgen receptors in the skin, which suppresses sebaceous gland hyperactivity and reduces inflammation. As a topical preparation, it carries a much lower risk of systemic side effects than oral treatments. In this article, we aim to present this new drug in comparison to currently available therapeutic options, looking forward to a potential breakthrough in the treatment of this common dermatosis.

Background: While Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are established treatments for obesity, their role in eating disorders (EDs) is a rapidly evolving frontier. This review evaluates the clinical efficacy, neurobiological mechanisms, and safety of GLP-1 RAs across binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), and anorexia nervosa (AN), while critically examining the socioeconomic and technological drivers of their recent proliferation. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library in December 2025. Inclusion criteria focused on clinical trials, mechanistic studies, and pharmacovigilance reports addressing behavioral and metabolic outcomes of GLP-1 RAs. Results: Current evidence identifies BED as the primary clinical indication; meta-analyses demonstrate significant weight loss (-3.81 kg), BMI reduction (-1.48 kg/m²), and improved Binge Eating Scale scores (-8.14 points). These effects are driven by hypothalamic satiety regulation and the dampening of dopamine-mediated motivational “wanting” (incentive salience) for palatable foods. For BN, data remain exploratory. Conversely, GLP-1 RAs are discouraged in AN due to the high risk of reinforcing restrictive pathology and severe undernutrition. The review also identifies risks associated with direct-to-consumer telemedicine and social media trends like “Ozempic face”, which may bypass psychiatric screening. Conclusions: GLP-1 RAs offer significant therapeutic potential for BED with comorbid obesity but require a multidisciplinary framework to mitigate risks of unmonitored prescribing and weight stigma. Future research must prioritize long-term, disorder-specific safety data.

Background: The rapid advancement of technology makes it possible to achieve improvements in medical services and patient adherence. It also enables the early detection of disease exacerbations and improves the management of chronic conditions outside the clinical setting. Digital health tools such as wearable sensors and mobile applications can enhance patients’ perceived competence. Objectives: This aim of this review was to analyze the available scientific data on the use of remote monitoring (via wearables devices and mobile healthcare systems) in patients with chronic diseases. The analysis focused on their effectiveness, safety, and practical potential. Methods: A literature review on remote monitoring of patients with chronic diseases was conducted using the PubMed, Embase and Medline databases for publications in English language from 2015 to 2026. The analysis included clinical trials, metanalyses, studies validating remote monitoring devices, and guidelines issued by scientific societies. The selection of studies was based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were presented as a qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Remote patient monitoring and digital interventions, combined with active clinical support, improve blood pressure control, exercise capacity, therapy engagement, and adherence, and reduce hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease. In respiratory diseases, RPM technology provides accurate vital sign measurements, although it does not always lead to better clinical outcomes. In type 2 diabetes, comprehensive digital interventions support glycemic control and healthy behaviors, while in neurological rehabilitation, wearable systems and machine learning-based applications improve limbs motor function. Despite the advantages and demonstrated effectiveness of remote patient monitoring (RPM) and wearable device–based interventions, technological complexity and limited digital literacy are significant implementation barriers that may limit long-term engagement.

Background: Cutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are among the most prevalent dermatological conditions, with up to one third of non-genital lesions becoming recalcitrant to conventional destructive therapies. The limited efficacy of treatment and high recurrence rates associated with first-line modalities have driven growing interest in immunotherapeutic approaches. Methods: This narrative review was conducted following a structured literature search of PubMed database, covering publications from January 2016 to March 2026, with the aim of synthesizing current evidence on intralesional immunotherapy and HPV vaccination in the management of recalcitrant extragenital cutaneous warts. Results: Among intralesional agents, the MMR vaccine demonstrates the most consistent efficacy, with pooled complete response rates of 63.2% and distant wart clearance in 62.0% of patients. Intralesional HPV vaccination achieved the highest complete response rate in a placebo-controlled trial (75%), with a favorable safety. The evidence for intralesional vitamin D3 is heterogeneous; the sole double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed no significant benefit over placebo. Therapeutic intramuscular HPV vaccination achieved complete resolution in 61.2% of patients across available studies, while routine prophylactic vaccination status did not influence wart resolution in standard treatment settings. Conclusions: Intralesional MMR and HPV vaccines represent the most promising therapeutic modalities for recalcitrant cutaneous warts. Standardization of treatment protocols and large multicentre randomized controlled trials are required to establish definitive evidence-based recommendations.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a rapidly progressive clinical course, ultimately leading to complete paralysis and a profound deterioration of physical and cognitive well-being. For decades, riluzole remained the sole approved therapeutic option. The pharmacological landscape has recently experienced significant revolution. While a definitive cure remains elusive, recent advancements have introduced novel, targeted agents into clinical practice, marking a critical milestone in ALS management. This review presents recent findings and emerging trends in ALS pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, it examines the complex pathophysiology of this multidimensional disease, highlighting the intrinsic biological challenges that complicate the development of universally effective, disease-modifying treatments.