During bottom trawl surveys carried out between 2013–2021, 52 specimens (33.8–54.0 mm SL) of Egglestone’s bumblebee goby Egglestonichthys bombylios were collected at a depth of 1.5–15 m from Dongshan Bay, Sanmen Bay, and Niushan Island, China. They represent the first records of this species from China. A full description, including fresh colouration of the species is provided as it is poorly known. The individuals collected in China agree with most morphological features of the holotype, except for the pelvic fin fraenum that was not observed or appears to be absent in most specimens. A strong relationship between E. bombylios, Larsonella pumilus, and the genus Priolepis is herein demonstrated by the mitochondrial genome sequences of E. bombylios and twenty closely related species. This study enriches the existing genetic data of the so-called Priolepis lineage and provides useful insights into the phylogenetic relationships across species of the genera Egglestonichthys, Priolepis, and Larsonella.

Effective fishery management in coastal waters requires accurate assessments of species–environment relationships, particularly in data-rich but zero-inflated contexts (i.e., datasets with an excess of zero catches). Here, we used fishery-independent trawl survey data collected from 2018 to 2019 in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang Province of China to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of Setipinna taty (scaly hairfin anchovy) and its environmental determinants. Given the high frequency of zero catches, we fitted both zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models and selected the best-performing approach using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Cross-validation indicated that the ZINB model (RMSE: 199.1, R²; 0.25) outperformed ZIP model (RMSE: 239.4, R²; 0.23). Temperature, depth, and salinity were key predictors of S. taty abundance, which generally occurred at depths of 20–40 m and salinities of 26–34 psu. We then applied the optimal ZINB model to predict S. taty distributions in spring, summer, and autumn of 2020. The predictions indicated a summer peak in abundance and a nearshore-to-offshore decreasing gradient, and were broadly consistent with the spatial distribution trends observed in the 2020 survey data. The highest predicted densities were located in nearshore areas off Wenzhou and Taizhou, west of 122° E. By clarifying the key environmental factors shaping S. taty distribution and applying zero-inflated count models to account for an excess of zero catches, which occur more frequently than expected under standard negative binomial models, this study provides an improved basis for effective conservation and sustainable utilization of S. taty resources in the southern offshore waters of Zhejiang; nevertheless, predictive performance could be further improved by incorporating additional environmental and biotic covariates together with extended spatio-temporal data.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water are readily adsorbed onto microplastics, posing a combined threat to aquatic ecosystem safety. However, the role of microplastics in altering the toxicity of PAH derivatives remains largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined toxic effects of polystyrene (PS, 2 µm) microplastics with pyrene (Pyr) and its four derivatives, including 1-methylpyrene (Pyr–CH₃), 1-hydroxypyrene (Pyr–OH), 1-aminopyrene (Pyr–NH₂), and 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (Pyr–COOH), on blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). After a seven-day exposure experiment, the variations in five biomarkers—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)—were measured in the hemolymph. Our results indicated a com-pound-specific toxicological profile: all derivatives exhibited higher toxicity than the parent Pyr. Specifically, Pyr–CH₃ primarily induced oxidative stress, whereas Pyr–OH, Pyr–NH₂, and Pyr–COOH mainly affected neuroregulatory function. More importantly, PS microplastics acted as a differential modulator under the mixture conditions: they exacerbated the neuroregulatory dis-turbance caused by parent Pyr but conversely alleviated the oxidative damage induced by all four derivatives. Notably, PS exacerbated the neuroregulatory disturbance induced by Pyr–CH₃. These compound-specific interactions highlight that microplastics alter the toxic effects of organic pollutants, thereby modifying environmental risk profiles. Our findings provide new insights for the ecological risk assessment of PAHs in aquatic environments.