(1) Background: Norepinephrine (NE) is the first-line vasoactive agent used in septic shock patients; however, the effect of norepinephrine on dialysis-required septic acute kidney injury (AKI-D) patients is uncertain. (2) Methods: To evaluate the impact of NE on 90-day mortality and renal recovery in septic AKI-D patients, we enrolled patients in intensive care units from 30 hospitals in Taiwan. (3) Results: 372 patients were enrolled and were divided into norepinephrine users and non-users. After adjustment by Inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW), there was no significant difference of baseline comorbidities between the two groups. NE users had significantly higher 90-day mortality rate and using NE is a strong predictor of 90-day mortality in the multivariate Cox regression (HR = 1.497, p = 0.027) after adjustment. The generalized additive model disclosed norepinephrine alone exerted a dose–dependent effect on 90-day mortality, while other vasoactive agents were not. (4) Conclusion: Using norepinephrine in septic AKI-D patients is associated with higher 90-day mortality and the effect is dose-dependent. Further study to explore the potential mechanism is needed.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of endocrine hypertension, characterized by excess aldosterone production that leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular events and target organ damage. Both adrenalectomy and medical treatment have shown efficacy in improving clinical outcomes and comorbidities associated with PA, including a specific subtype of PA with autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS). Understanding the comorbidities of PA and establishing appropriate follow-up protocols after treatment are crucial for physicians to enhance morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with PA. Additionally, the screening for hypercortisolism prior to surgery is essential, as the prognosis of patients with coexisting PA and ACS differs from those with PA alone. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the comorbidities of PA, encompassing cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic complications. We also discuss various post-treatment outcomes and provide insights into the strategy for glucocorticoid replacement in patients with overt or subclinical hypercortisolism. This clinical practice guideline aims to equip medical professionals with up-to-date information on managing concurrent hypercortisolism, assessing treatment outcomes, and addressing comorbidities in patients with PA, thereby improving follow-up care.

Unilateral primary aldosteronism is thought to be a surgically curable disease, and unilateral adrenalectomy is the mainstay treatment. The Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) consensus was developed to assess clinical and biochemical outcomes to standardize the classification of surgical outcomes. However, fewer than half of patients are cured of hypertension after adrenalectomy; therefore, preoperative patient counseling and evaluation might be necessary. Moreover, current studies show that genetic mutations and histopathology classification are associated with the treatment outcome. The Task Force of Taiwan PA recommends using a specific scoring system, including the PASO score and nomogram-based preoperative score, to predict the clinical outcome before adrenalectomy. Herein, we discuss the associations of current histopathological classification and specific somatic gene mutations with clinical outcomes after surgery.

Aims. We aimed to evaluate the acute performance and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐guided Magmaris deployment. Methods. This was a retrospective study of 28 consecutive patients (23 men, mean age: 59.8 years) with 28 Magmaris implantations in de novo coronary lesions. OCT was performed at the baseline and after the final postdilatation. The choice of stent and postdilatation balloon size was based on OCT measurements. The following indices were determined using OCT: prestenting minimum lumen diameter and area, poststenting minimum lumen diameter and area, acute lumen area gain, residual area stenosis, eccentricity and symmetry indices, incomplete strut apposition, strut fracture, tissue prolapse, and edge dissection. Results. Before the stenting, OCT analysis revealed a minimal lumen area of 1.55 ± 0.59 mm², a minimal lumen diameter of 1.19 ± 0.38 mm, a minimal scaffold area of 6.78 ± 1.58 mm², and a minimal scaffold diameter of 2.88 ± 0.50 mm². The prolapse area was 1.2 ± 1.5 mm². The mean percentage of RAS was 13.3 ± 7.1% and 6 (21.4%) patients had scaffold RAS more than 20%. Only one proximal edge intimal dissection was noted. The mean eccentricity index was 0.86 ± 0.04 and symmetry index 0.33 ± 0.08. ISA analysis showed that the percentage of malapposed struts was 1.5%. There were no short‐term cardiovascular events, and only 2 incidents of target lesion failure (TLF) occurred 13 months later. Conclusion. The Magmaris has excellent acute mechanical performance and no short‐term cardiovascular events occurred. There were only 2 TLFs that occurred 13 months later. It is suitable and feasible to treat vessels using the Magmaris.