Here we report on the damped cross-Rabi oscillations in the intensity noise correlation resulting from the destructive interference between two four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, controlled by dressing atomic coherence in a nitrogen-vacancy center in a diamond. Also, the relationship between the self-Rabi oscillation of temporal intensity and cross-Rabi oscillation is investigated at a low temperature. Additionally, we discuss the notion that cross-Rabi oscillation in correlated beams can be switched between FWM and second-order fluorescence.

In this paper, we study double cascade dressed optical metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) by exploiting enhancement and suppression for mixed-phase (hexagonal + tetragonal) of Eu³⁺:YPO₄ and different phases (hexagonal + tetragonal and pure tetragonal) of Pr³⁺:YPO₄ crystals. We report variation of fine structure energy levels in different doped ions (Eu³⁺ and Pr³⁺) in the host YPO crystal. We compared multi-level energy transition from a single dressing laser with single level energy transition from double cascade dressing lasers. Gate delay facilitates multi-energy level dressed transition and is modeled through a Hamiltonian. Based on the results of double cascade dressing, we have realized MOSFET for logic gates (inverter and logic not and gate) with a switching contrast of about 92% using a mixed phase of Pr³⁺:YPO₄.

The increasing demand for ultra-reliable and low-latency communication in 6G networks presents significant challenges in energy management. This paper proposes a simulation-based optimization framework for energy harvesting systems (EHS) in 6G networks using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and compares it with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) optimization. As 6G networks integrate a large number of devices and heterogeneous communication technologies, energy harvesting from ambient sources such as solar, wind and radio frequency (RF) becomes crucial for system sustainability. Traditional energy management approaches often fail to adapt to dynamic network conditions, which leads to inefficiencies. In contrast, DRL-based optimization dynamically adjusts energy allocation, storage and communication strategies to maximize energy efficiency, network throughput and device longevity. The results from simulations show that the DRL-based method outperforms conventional optimization techniques, which provides a more scalable and efficient solution for 6G systems. DDPG-based optimization is offering improvements over traditional methods. But it does not achieve the same level of performance as DRL, particularly in large-scale networks with fluctuating energy availability. This study highlights the potential of DRL to address the energy challenges of future wireless communication systems and paves the way for more sustainable 6G network operations.

We report a novel method named “FROZEN!” to measure intracellular electrolytes in a small sample as little as a single cell. This method is suitable to detect intracellular lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium within single cells.

Optical hybrid communication is one of the key fields of quantum communications, where scientists are focusing to integrate classical and quantum system as single hybrid system. In this regard, we realized optical hybrid switch using second-order fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SPFWM). The hybrid signal contains Stokes and the FL signal which can be distinguished using power of incident beam. In addition, we investigate the resonant and off-resonant excitation spectrum of negatively charged Nitrogen-vacancy (NV ⁻ ) center in diamond. The hybrid switch is realized by results obtained in time domain and intensity noise correlation. The optical hybrid switch can be controlled by power of incident beams. The hybrid index and temporal width contrast of the hybrid switch are about 4 and 90%, respectively.

The determination of classical and quantum states through photon bunching and anti-bunching like phenomena may have potential applications in quantum information processing and long-distance quantum communications. We report the photon bunching and multi anti-bunching like phenomena by generating multi-order fluorescence and four-wave mixing (FWM) at room temperature using the Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We have implied FWM process to demonstrate the interference pattern emerging from NV of nano-crystals in classical, nonclassical and intermediate (classical and nonclassical) regimes. Intersystem crossing is controlled by the fluence of incident beams. The interference pattern from dominant ionization of NV^- to NV^o and NV^o to NV^- suggests the bunching and anti-bunching like phenomena of photons, respectively.