Legacy systems are large applications which are significant in performing daily organizational operations and cannot be upgraded easily especially in the absence of architectural and design documentation. Software modernization is an emerging field of software engineering, which transforms the legacy systems into new one according to the specified requirements of stakeholders. It mainly deals with improving the architecture, features, rules and data sources of existing system. It always remained a challenging task to achieve high-level representation of legacy systems. In order to achieve this high-level representation, Reverse Engineering (RE) plays an integral role. The issues of traditional RE are overcome with the help of Model Driven Reverse Engineering (MDRE) such as it generates model-based view of the legacy systems, which is comprehensible and easy to understand for practitioners. MDRE is an active research area but it provides limited tool support to extract and model both structural and behavioral aspects of legacy systems. In this paper, a novel MDRE framework named as “Source to Model Framework (Src2MoF)”is proposed to generate Unified Modeling Language (UML) structural (class) and behavioral (activity) diagrams from the Java source code. Src2MoF is based on the principles of Model Driven Engineering (MDE), which use models as first-class citizens alleviating the complexity of software systems. The contributions of this paper are as follows; first, an Intermediate Model Discoverer (IMD) is developed using source code parser to get the intermediate representation of the system from the existing Java code. Second, an open source transformation engine named “UML model generator” is implemented using Java, which takes these intermediate models as input, and produce high-level UML models of the subject legacy system. Finally, the two benchmark case studies are presented to depict the relevance and usability of Src2MoF.

The germanium plasma produced by the fundamental harmonics (1064 nm) of Nd:YAG laser in single and double pulse configurations have been studied spectroscopically. The plasma is characterized by measuring the electron temperature using the Boltzmann plot method for neutral and ionized species and electron number density as a function of laser irradiance, ambient pressure, and distance from the target surface. It is observed that the plasma parameters have an increasing trend with laser irradiance (9–33 GW/cm²) and with ambient pressure (8–250 mbar). However, a decreasing trend is observed along the plume length up to 4.5 mm. The electron temperature and electron number density are also determined using a double pulse configuration, and their behavior at fixed energy ratio and different interpulse delays is discussed.

The objective of this study is to explore the influence of wall slip condition on a free convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid with heat transfer and ramped wall temperature. Exact solution of the problem is obtained by using Laplace transform technique. Graphical results to see the effects of Prandtl number Pr, timet, and slip parameterηon velocity and skin friction for the case of ramped and constant temperature of the plate are provided and discussed.

In this article, unidirectional flows of fractional viscous fluids in a rectangular channel are studied. The flow is generated by the shear stress given on the bottom plate of the channel. The authors have developed a generalized model on the basis of constitutive equations described by the time-fractional Caputo–Fabrizio derivative. Many authors have published different results by applying the time-fractional derivative to the local part of acceleration in the momentum equation. This approach of the fractional models does not have sufficient physical background. By using fractional generalized constitutive equations, we have developed a proper model to investigate exact analytical solutions corresponding to the channel flow of a generalized viscous fluid. The exact solutions for velocity field and shear stress are obtained by using Laplace transform and Fourier integral transformation, for three different cases namely (i) constant shear, (ii) ramped type shear and (iii) oscillating shear. The results are plotted and discussed.

This present research article investigates the exact analytical solution for the mathematical model of the generalized Casson fluid flow by using the new fractional operator with Rabotnov exponential kernel i.e. Yang–Abdel–Cattani operator. The impacts of heat source, magnetic hydrodynamics and chemical reactions on the flow of fractional Casson fluid through a vertical flat plate are studied in this article. For the sake of a better interpretation of the rheological behavior of Casson fluid we have used the new operator of fractional order with exponential kernel of Rabotnov known as Yang–Abdel–Cattani operator of fractional derivative. By making use of the technique of Laplace transform we have find the exact analytical solution of the problem in the Mittag–Leffler’s form, for all the three governing equations i.e. Velocity, energy and concentration equation. It has been noticed from the literature that it is challenging to obtain analytical results from fractional fluid model derived by the various fractional operators. This article helps to address this issue by providing analytical solutions for fractionalized fluid models. To analyze the physical importance of different fluid parameters such as Schmidt number, Prandtl number, MHD and alpha on the heat, mass and momentum class are presented through graphs. The concentration of the fluid decreases with Schmidth number and temperature of the fluid decreases with the increasing Prandtl number. The velocity of the fluid decreases with increasing MHD effects and increases with increasing Alpha. The Yang–Abdel–Cattani operator of fractional order can describe the memory effects more suitably than the other fractional operators.