As an important means of reinforcement and support, the bolt can effectively resolve the problem of slope instability. Micro-Negative Poisson Ratio (Micro-NPR) bolts are superior to conventional bolts in mitigating large deformations caused by geological shifts. A large number of bolt anchoring systems require non-destructive testing technology for quality inspection. This technology utilizes time-domain signal characteristics to detect internal defects in the bolt anchoring systems of support engineering. The combination of stress wave nondestructive detection technology and modular convolutional neural network method can identify the shear deformation in the case of the anchor slope support. Integrating the identification results of both the shear angle and shear location sub-modules improves the accuracy of detecting shear deformation in micro-NPR bolt anchoring system, which will be of great assistance in our future engineering applications.