Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the Changchun Baike varicella vaccine in Yanji City from 2018 to 2024. Methods: Varicella surveillance data from 2018 to 2024 and vaccination records from 2018 to 2020 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed. Results: In total, 2452 varicella cases were reported in Yanji from 2018 to 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 62.71 per 100,000 population. Notably, the annual incidence rate decreased from 142.37 per 100,000 in 2018 to 55.25 per 100,000 population in 2024. Additionally, the highest and lowest incidence rates were observed in the 10–14 and ≥40 years age groups, respectively. Moreover, the vaccine demonstrated high protective effectiveness of 98.0–99.0% for one dose and 99.0% for two doses across the study period. These estimates were derived from propensity score-matched cohorts ranging from 686 to 6990 individuals (343 to 3495 matched pairs) across three overlapping observation periods (2018–2022, 2019–2023, and 2020–2024). Conclusions: The two-dose varicella vaccination schedule demonstrated superior protective efficacy compared with the single-dose schedule.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Changchun Baike varicella vaccine in Yanji City from 2018 to 2024. Varicella surveillance data from 2018 to 2024 and vaccination records from 2018 to 2020 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed. In total, 2,452 varicella cases were reported in Yanji from 2018 to 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 62.71 per 100,000 population. Notably, the annual incidence rates decreased from 142.37 per 100,000 in 2018 to 55.25 per 100,000 population in 2024. Additionally, the highest and lowest incidence rates were observed in the 10–14 and ≥ 40 years age groups, respectively. Moreover, Changchun Baike varicella vaccine showed protective efficacies of 98.0–99.0% and 99% for the first and second doses, respectively, from 2018 to 2024. Importantly, the two-dose varicella vaccination schedule demonstrated superior protective efficacy compared with the single-dose schedule.