This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Gas–liquid flows occur in many natural environments such as breaking waves, river rapids and human-made systems, including nuclear reactors and water treatment or conveyance infrastructure. Such two-phase flows are commonly investigated using phase-detection intrusive probes, yielding velocities that are considered to be directly representative of bubble velocities. Using different state-of-the-art instruments and analysis algorithms, we show that bubble–probe interactions lead to an underestimation of the real bubble velocity due to surface tension. To overcome this velocity bias, a correction method is formulated based on a force balance on the bubble. The proposed methodology allows to assess the bubble–probe interaction bias for various types of gas-liquid flows and to recover the undisturbed real bubble velocity. We show that the velocity bias is strong in laboratory scale investigations and therefore may affect the extrapolation of results to full scale. The correction method increases the accuracy of bubble velocity estimations, thereby enabling a deeper understanding of fundamental gas-liquid flow processes.
B. Hohermuth; M. Kramer; S. Felder; D. Valero. Velocity bias in intrusive gas-liquid flow measurements. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 4123 .
AMA StyleB. Hohermuth, M. Kramer, S. Felder, D. Valero. Velocity bias in intrusive gas-liquid flow measurements. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):4123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Hohermuth; M. Kramer; S. Felder; D. Valero. 2021. "Velocity bias in intrusive gas-liquid flow measurements." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 4123.
Measuring flow depths in free-surface turbulent flows can be challenging due to their fast dynamics and the presence of aeration. This study analyses the suitability of a low-cost sensor, the Intel® RealSense™ D435 RGB-D camera, for characterization of a highly aerated case study: the hydraulic jump. As with all instrumentation, special care must be taken to ensure accurate measurements. In this case, two different methods to calibrate depth estimations (accounting for set-up and any instrument precision) are presented, both leading to similar results. The main advantage of the presented instrumentation is its capability to measure 3D surfaces with high temporal and spatial resolution. Results are presented primarily in 2D in order to evaluate the flow depth estimation quality of this new technique with 2D data available in literature. The employed sensor showed a similar level of uncertainty as previous, well-established instrumentation for the study of free-surface elevations, amplitudes and frequencies of turbulent fluctuations.
Daniel B. Bung; Brian M. Crookston; Daniel Valero. Turbulent free-surface monitoring with an RGB-D sensor: the hydraulic jump case. Journal of Hydraulic Research 2020, 1 -12.
AMA StyleDaniel B. Bung, Brian M. Crookston, Daniel Valero. Turbulent free-surface monitoring with an RGB-D sensor: the hydraulic jump case. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 2020; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel B. Bung; Brian M. Crookston; Daniel Valero. 2020. "Turbulent free-surface monitoring with an RGB-D sensor: the hydraulic jump case." Journal of Hydraulic Research , no. : 1-12.
Dual-tip phase-detection intrusive probes are the most widely used experimental technique for measuring interfacial velocities in highly aerated flows. Recently, we have introduced an adaptive window cross-correlation (AWCC) technique, which allows for the estimation of pseudo-instantaneous velocities and associated velocity statistics. Several potential limitations of this technique were suggested by Chanson (2020). In a direct response, the AWCC is clarified and shortcomings of conventional signal processing as well as general limitations of dual-tip phase-detection probes for velocity measurements are discussed. A comparison and validation of the AWCC against event detection techniques, image-based velocimetry and stochastic signals demonstrates the method’s novel opportunities for air–water flow research.
M. Kramer; B. Hohermuth; D. Valero; S. Felder. On velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes - closure. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 2020, 134, 103475 .
AMA StyleM. Kramer, B. Hohermuth, D. Valero, S. Felder. On velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes - closure. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2020; 134 ():103475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Kramer; B. Hohermuth; D. Valero; S. Felder. 2020. "On velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes - closure." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 134, no. : 103475.
Robust estimators are parameters insensitive to the presence of outliers. However, they presume the shape of the variables’ probability density function. This study exemplifies the sensitivity of turbulent quantities to the use of classic and robust estimators and the presence of outliers in turbulent flow depth time series. A wide range of turbulence quantities was analysed based upon a stepped spillway case study, using flow depths sampled with Acoustic Displacement Meters as the flow variable of interest. The studied parameters include: the expected free surface level, the expected fluctuation intensity, the depth skewness, the autocorrelation timescales, the vertical velocity fluctuation intensity, the perturbations celerity and the one-dimensional free surface turbulence spectrum. Three levels of filtering were utilised prior to applying classic and robust estimators, showing that comparable robustness can be obtained either using classic estimators together with an intermediate filtering technique or using robust estimators instead, without any filtering technique.
Daniel Valero; Hubert Chanson; Daniel B. Bung. Robust estimators for free surface turbulence characterization: a stepped spillway application. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 2020, 76, 101809 .
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, Hubert Chanson, Daniel B. Bung. Robust estimators for free surface turbulence characterization: a stepped spillway application. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. 2020; 76 ():101809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; Hubert Chanson; Daniel B. Bung. 2020. "Robust estimators for free surface turbulence characterization: a stepped spillway application." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 76, no. : 101809.
Dual-tip phase-detection probes can be used to measure flow properties in gas-liquid flows. Traditionally, time-averaged interfacial velocities have been obtained through cross-correlation analysis of long time-series of phase fraction signals. Using small groups of detected particles, a recently developed adaptive window cross-correlation (AWCC) technique enables the computation of pseudo-instantaneous interfacial velocities and turbulence quantities in highly aerated flows, albeit subject to some smoothing which is due to the use of a finite window duration. This manuscript provides guidance on the selection of optimum processing parameters for the AWCC technique, additionally addressing shortcomings such as velocity bias correction and extrapolation of turbulence levels to single particles. The presented technique was tested for three self-aerated flows: smooth and rough-wall boundary layers (tunnel chute and stepped spillway), as well as breaking shear layer flows of a hydraulic jump. Robust estimations of mean velocities and velocity fluctuations were obtained for all flow situations, either using dual-tip conductivity or fiber optical probe data. The computation of integral time scales and velocity spectra is currently limited by the data rate and must be treated with caution.
M. Kramer; B. Hohermuth; D. Valero; S. Felder. Best practices for velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 2020, 126, 103228 .
AMA StyleM. Kramer, B. Hohermuth, D. Valero, S. Felder. Best practices for velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2020; 126 ():103228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Kramer; B. Hohermuth; D. Valero; S. Felder. 2020. "Best practices for velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 126, no. : 103228.
Dual-tip phase-detection probes can be used to measure flow properties in gas-liquid flows. Traditionally, time-averaged interfacial velocities have been obtained through cross-correlation analysis of long time-series of phase fraction signals. Using small groups of detected particles, a recently developed adaptive window cross-correlation (AWCC) technique enables the computation of pseudo-instantaneous interfacial velocities and turbulence quantities in highly aerated flows, albeit subject to some smoothing due to the finite window duration. This manuscript provides guidance on the selection of optimum processing parameters for the AWCC technique, which was tested for three highly turbulent air-water flows: smooth and rough-wall boundary layers (tunnel chute and stepped spillway), as well as breaking shear layer flows of a hydraulic jump. Robust mean velocity estimations were obtained for all flow situations, either using dual-tip conductivity or fiber optical probe data. It was also shown that turbulence quantities, affected by the smoothing, can be effectively extrapolated to single particles. The computation of integral timescales and velocity spectra must be treated with caution.
Matthias Kramer; Benjamin Hohermuth; Daniel Valero; Stefan Felder. Best practices for velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMatthias Kramer, Benjamin Hohermuth, Daniel Valero, Stefan Felder. Best practices for velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthias Kramer; Benjamin Hohermuth; Daniel Valero; Stefan Felder. 2019. "Best practices for velocity estimations in highly aerated flows with dual-tip phase-detection probes." , no. : 1.
Robust estimators and different filtering techniques are proposed and their impact on the determination of a wide range of turbulence quantities is analysed. High-frequency water level measurements in a stepped spillway are used as a case study. The studied variables contemplated: the expected free surface level, the expected fluctuation intensity, the depth skewness, the autocorrelation timescales, the vertical velocity fluctuation intensity, the perturbations celerity and the one-dimensional free surface turbulence spectrum. When compared to classic techniques, the robust estimators allowed a more accurate prediction of turbulence quantities notwithstanding the filtering technique used.
Daniel Valero; Hubert Chanson; Daniel B. Bung. Robust estimators for turbulence properties assessment. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, Hubert Chanson, Daniel B. Bung. Robust estimators for turbulence properties assessment. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; Hubert Chanson; Daniel B. Bung. 2019. "Robust estimators for turbulence properties assessment." , no. : 1.
Hydraulic jumps have been the object of extensive experimental investigation, providing the numerical community with a complete case study for models’ performance assessment. This study constitutes an exhaustive literature review on hydraulic jumps’ experimental datasets. Both mean and turbulent parameters characterising hydraulic jumps are comprehensively discussed, presenting at least a reference to one dataset. Three studies stand out over other datasets due to their completeness. Using them as reference for model validation may ensure homogeneous and comparable performance assessment for the upcoming numerical models. Experimental inaccuracies are also addressed, allowing the numerical modeller to understand the uncertainties of reduced physical models and its limitations. Part 2 presents the three-dimensional numerical investigations to date and their main achievements.
Daniel Valero; Nicolò Viti; Carlo Gualtieri. Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 1: Experimental Data for Modelling Performance Assessment. Water 2018, 11, 36 .
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, Nicolò Viti, Carlo Gualtieri. Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 1: Experimental Data for Modelling Performance Assessment. Water. 2018; 11 (1):36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; Nicolò Viti; Carlo Gualtieri. 2018. "Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 1: Experimental Data for Modelling Performance Assessment." Water 11, no. 1: 36.
During the past two decades, hydraulic jumps have been investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The second part of this two-part study is devoted to the state-of-the-art of the numerical simulation of the hydraulic jump. First, the most widely-used CFD approaches, namely the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS), the Large Eddy Simulation (LES), the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), the hybrid RANS-LES method Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), as well as the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), are introduced pointing out their main characteristics also in the context of the best practices for CFD modeling of environmental flows. Second, the literature on numerical simulations of the hydraulic jump is presented and discussed. It was observed that the RANS modeling approach is able to provide accurate results for the mean flow variables, while high-fidelity methods, such as LES and DES, can properly reproduce turbulence quantities of the hydraulic jump. Although computationally very expensive, the first DNS on the hydraulic jump led to important findings about the structure of the hydraulic jump and scale effects. Similarly, application of the Lagrangian meshless SPH method provided interesting results, notwithstanding the lower research activity. At the end, despite the promising results still available, it is expected that with the increase in the computational capabilities, the RANS-based numerical studies of the hydraulic jump will approach the prototype scale problems, which are of great relevance for hydraulic engineers, while the application at this scale of the most advanced tools, such as LES and DNS, is still beyond expectations for the foreseeable future. Knowledge of the uncertainty associated with RANS modeling may allow the careful design of new hydraulic structures through the available CFD tools.
Nicolò Viti; Daniel Valero; Carlo Gualtieri. Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 2: Recent Results and Future Outlook. Water 2018, 11, 28 .
AMA StyleNicolò Viti, Daniel Valero, Carlo Gualtieri. Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 2: Recent Results and Future Outlook. Water. 2018; 11 (1):28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolò Viti; Daniel Valero; Carlo Gualtieri. 2018. "Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 2: Recent Results and Future Outlook." Water 11, no. 1: 28.
Air–water flow turbulence was derived from pseudo-instantaneous velocities measured with a dual-tip phase-detection probe. This new technique is proposed based upon adaptive time windows for cross-correlation analysis combined with robust filtering criteria, allowing computation of velocity time series in highly aerated flows. Each velocity estimation corresponded to a small group of bubbles or droplets. Stochastic synthetic velocity fields were generated to assess the limitations and uncertainties related to the proposed analysis. Subsequently, capabilities of the technique were demonstrated through an application to a real two-phase flow on a large-size stepped spillway.
Matthias Kramer; Daniel Valero; Hubert Chanson; Daniel B. Bung. Towards reliable turbulence estimations with phase-detection probes: an adaptive window cross-correlation technique. Experiments in Fluids 2018, 60, 2 .
AMA StyleMatthias Kramer, Daniel Valero, Hubert Chanson, Daniel B. Bung. Towards reliable turbulence estimations with phase-detection probes: an adaptive window cross-correlation technique. Experiments in Fluids. 2018; 60 (1):2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthias Kramer; Daniel Valero; Hubert Chanson; Daniel B. Bung. 2018. "Towards reliable turbulence estimations with phase-detection probes: an adaptive window cross-correlation technique." Experiments in Fluids 60, no. 1: 2.
As with most high-velocity free-surface flows, stepped spillway flows become self-aerated when the drop height exceeds a critical value. Due to the step-induced macro-roughness, the flow field becomes more turbulent than on a similar smooth-invert chute. For this reason, cascades are oftentimes used as re-aeration structures in wastewater treatment. However, for stepped spillways as flood release structures downstream of deoxygenated reservoirs, gas transfer is also of crucial significance to meet ecological requirements. Prediction of mass transfer velocities becomes challenging, as the flow regime differs from typical previously studied flow conditions. In this paper, detailed air-water flow measurements are conducted on stepped spillway models with different geometry, with the aim to estimate the specific air-water interface. Re-aeration performances are determined by applying the absorption method. In contrast to earlier studies, the aerated water body is considered a continuous mixture up to a level where 75% air concentration is reached. Above this level, a homogenous surface wave field is considered, which is found to significantly affect the total air-water interface available for mass transfer. Geometrical characteristics of these surface waves are obtained from high-speed camera investigations. The results show that both the mean air concentration and the mean flow velocity have influence on the mass transfer. Finally, an empirical relationship for the mass transfer on stepped spillway models is proposed.
Daniel B. Bung; Daniel Valero. Re-Aeration on Stepped Spillways with Special Consideration of Entrained and Entrapped Air. Geosciences 2018, 8, 333 .
AMA StyleDaniel B. Bung, Daniel Valero. Re-Aeration on Stepped Spillways with Special Consideration of Entrained and Entrapped Air. Geosciences. 2018; 8 (9):333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel B. Bung; Daniel Valero. 2018. "Re-Aeration on Stepped Spillways with Special Consideration of Entrained and Entrapped Air." Geosciences 8, no. 9: 333.
A new methodology is proposed to spatially filter acoustic Doppler velocimetry data from a Vectrino profiler based on the differential mean velocity equation. Lower and upper bounds are formulated in terms of physically based flow constraints. Practical implementation is discussed, and its application is tested against data gathered from an open-channel flow over a stepped macroroughness surface. The method has proven to detect outliers occurring all over the distance range sampled by the Vectrino profiler and has shown to remain applicable out of the region of validity of the velocity gradient equation. Finally, a statistical analysis suggests that physically obtained bounds are asymptotically representative.
Daniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. Vectrino Profiler Spatial Filtering for Shear Flows Based on the Mean Velocity Gradient Equation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2018, 144, 04018037 .
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, Daniel B. Bung. Vectrino Profiler Spatial Filtering for Shear Flows Based on the Mean Velocity Gradient Equation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2018; 144 (7):04018037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. 2018. "Vectrino Profiler Spatial Filtering for Shear Flows Based on the Mean Velocity Gradient Equation." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 144, no. 7: 04018037.
New information regarding the influence of a stepped chute on the hydraulic performance of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Type III hydraulic jump stilling basin is presented for design (steady) and adverse (decreasing tailwater) conditions. Using published experimental data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, this paper presents a detailed comparison between smooth-chute and stepped-chute configurations for chute slopes of 0.8H:1V and 4H:1V and Froude numbers (F) ranging from 3.1 to 9.5 for a Type III basin designed for F = 8. For both stepped and smooth chutes, the relative role of each basin element was quantified, up to the most hydraulic extreme case of jump sweep-out. It was found that, relative to a smooth chute, the turbulence generated by a stepped chute causes a higher maximum velocity decay within the stilling basin, which represents an enhancement of the Type III basin’s performance but also a change in the relative role of the basin elements. Results provide insight into the ability of the CFD models [unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with renormalization group (RNG) k-ϵ turbulence model and volume-of-fluid (VOF) for free surface tracking] to predict the transient basin flow structure and velocity profiles. Type III basins can perform adequately with a stepped chute despite the effects steps have on the relative role of each basin element. It is concluded that the classic Type III basin design, based upon methodology by reclamation specific to smooth chutes, can be hydraulically improved for the case of stepped chutes for design and adverse flow conditions using the information presented herein.
D. Valero; D. B. Bung; B. M. Crookston. Energy Dissipation of a Type III Basin under Design and Adverse Conditions for Stepped and Smooth Spillways. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2018, 144, 04018036 .
AMA StyleD. Valero, D. B. Bung, B. M. Crookston. Energy Dissipation of a Type III Basin under Design and Adverse Conditions for Stepped and Smooth Spillways. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2018; 144 (7):04018036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Valero; D. B. Bung; B. M. Crookston. 2018. "Energy Dissipation of a Type III Basin under Design and Adverse Conditions for Stepped and Smooth Spillways." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 144, no. 7: 04018036.
G. Zhang; D. Valero; D.B. Bung; H. Chanson. On the estimation of free-surface turbulence using ultrasonic sensors. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 2018, 60, 171 -184.
AMA StyleG. Zhang, D. Valero, D.B. Bung, H. Chanson. On the estimation of free-surface turbulence using ultrasonic sensors. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. 2018; 60 ():171-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Zhang; D. Valero; D.B. Bung; H. Chanson. 2018. "On the estimation of free-surface turbulence using ultrasonic sensors." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 60, no. : 171-184.
Daniel Valero; D.B. Bung. Artificial Neural Networks and pattern recognition for air-water flow velocity estimation using a single-tip optical fibre probe. Journal of Hydro-environment Research 2018, 19, 150 -159.
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, D.B. Bung. Artificial Neural Networks and pattern recognition for air-water flow velocity estimation using a single-tip optical fibre probe. Journal of Hydro-environment Research. 2018; 19 ():150-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; D.B. Bung. 2018. "Artificial Neural Networks and pattern recognition for air-water flow velocity estimation using a single-tip optical fibre probe." Journal of Hydro-environment Research 19, no. : 150-159.
A new formulation for the prediction of free surface dynamics related to the turbulence occurring nearby is proposed. This formulation, altogether with a breakup criterion, can be used to compute the inception of self-aeration in high velocity flows like those occurring in hydraulic structures. Assuming a simple perturbation geometry, a kinematic and a non-linear momentum-based dynamic equation are formulated and forces acting on a control volume are approximated. Limiting steepness is proposed as an adequate breakup criterion. Role of the velocity fluctuations normal to the free surface is shown to be the main turbulence quantity related to self-aeration and the role of the scales contained in the turbulence spectrum are depicted. Surface tension force is integrated accounting for large displacements by using differential geometry for the curvature estimation. Gravity and pressure effects are also contemplated in the proposed formulation. The obtained equations can be numerically integrated for each wavelength, hence resulting in different growth rates and allowing computation of the free surface roughness wavelength distribution. Application to a prototype scale spillway (at the Aviemore dam) revealed that most unstable wavelength was close to the Taylor lengthscale. Amplitude distributions have been also obtained observing different scaling for perturbations stabilized by gravity or surface tension. The proposed theoretical framework represents a new conceptualization of self-aeration which explains the characteristic rough surface at the non-aerated region as well as other previous experimental observations which remained unresolved for several decades.
Daniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. Reformulating self-aeration in hydraulic structures: Turbulent growth of free surface perturbations leading to air entrainment. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 2018, 100, 127 -142.
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, Daniel B. Bung. Reformulating self-aeration in hydraulic structures: Turbulent growth of free surface perturbations leading to air entrainment. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2018; 100 ():127-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. 2018. "Reformulating self-aeration in hydraulic structures: Turbulent growth of free surface perturbations leading to air entrainment." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 100, no. : 127-142.
To understand the processes and energy dissipation performance caused by turbulence during the wave run-up over a stepped revetment, hydraulic model tests with steady flow conditions are conducted and correlated with unsteady flow conditions of the wave run-up within a short time frame. Under irregular waves, the run-up reduction over a stepped revetment is dependent on the Iribarren number and decreases for decreasing Iribarren numbers. Velocity gradients are found to be similar in a steady and unsteady flow regime near the pseudo-bottom.
Nils B. Kerpen; Daniel B. Bung; Daniel Valero; Torsten Schlurmann. Energy dissipation within the wave run-up at stepped revetments. Journal of Ocean University of China 2017, 16, 649 -654.
AMA StyleNils B. Kerpen, Daniel B. Bung, Daniel Valero, Torsten Schlurmann. Energy dissipation within the wave run-up at stepped revetments. Journal of Ocean University of China. 2017; 16 (4):649-654.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNils B. Kerpen; Daniel B. Bung; Daniel Valero; Torsten Schlurmann. 2017. "Energy dissipation within the wave run-up at stepped revetments." Journal of Ocean University of China 16, no. 4: 649-654.
Self-aeration is traditionally explained by the water turbulent boundary layer outer edge intersection with the free surface. This paper presents a discussion on the commonly accepted hypothesis behind the computation of the critical point of self-aeration in spillway flows and a new formulation is proposed based on the existence of a developing air flow over the free surface. Upstream of the inception point of self-aeration, some surface roughening has been often reported in previous studies which consequently implies some entrapped air transport and air-water flows coupling. Such air flow is proven in this study by presenting measured air velocities and computing the air boundary layer thickness for a 1V:2H smooth chute flow. Additionally, the growth rate of free surface waves has been analysed by means of Ultrasonic Sensors measurements, obtaining also the entrapped air concentration. High-speed camera imaging has been used for qualitative study of the flow perturbations.
Daniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. Development of the interfacial air layer in the non-aerated region of high-velocity spillway flows. Instabilities growth, entrapped air and influence on the self-aeration onset. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 2016, 84, 66 -74.
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, Daniel B. Bung. Development of the interfacial air layer in the non-aerated region of high-velocity spillway flows. Instabilities growth, entrapped air and influence on the self-aeration onset. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2016; 84 ():66-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. 2016. "Development of the interfacial air layer in the non-aerated region of high-velocity spillway flows. Instabilities growth, entrapped air and influence on the self-aeration onset." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 84, no. : 66-74.
Daniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. Sensitivity of turbulent Schmidt number and turbulence model to simulations of jets in crossflow. Environmental Modelling & Software 2016, 82, 218 -228.
AMA StyleDaniel Valero, Daniel B. Bung. Sensitivity of turbulent Schmidt number and turbulence model to simulations of jets in crossflow. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2016; 82 ():218-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Valero; Daniel B. Bung. 2016. "Sensitivity of turbulent Schmidt number and turbulence model to simulations of jets in crossflow." Environmental Modelling & Software 82, no. : 218-228.
D Bung; D Valero. Image processing techniques for velocity estimation in highly aerated flows: Bubble Image Velocimetry vs. Optical Flow. Sustainable Hydraulics in the Era of Global Change 2016, 151 -157.
AMA StyleD Bung, D Valero. Image processing techniques for velocity estimation in highly aerated flows: Bubble Image Velocimetry vs. Optical Flow. Sustainable Hydraulics in the Era of Global Change. 2016; ():151-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD Bung; D Valero. 2016. "Image processing techniques for velocity estimation in highly aerated flows: Bubble Image Velocimetry vs. Optical Flow." Sustainable Hydraulics in the Era of Global Change , no. : 151-157.