INTRODUCTION: Deficiency in the aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel has been linked to impaired amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance. However, a detailed morphopathological analysis of amyloid deposition following AQP4 therapeutic modulation remains unexplored.METHODS: Two‐month‐old amyloid precursor protein presenilin 1 (APPPS1) mice were treated daily for 28 days with either the AQP4 facilitator N‐(3‐(Benzyloxy)pyridin‐2‐yl) benzene‐sulfonamide (TGN‐073) or the AQP4 inhibitor N‐(1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)pyridine‐3‐carboxamide dihydrochloride (TGN‐020) (both at 200 mg/kg). Controls included vehicle‐treated APPPS1 and WT C57BL/6J mice. Comprehensive histopathological, biochemical, and behavioral analyses were conducted.RESULTS: Mice treated with AQP4 facilitator showed a significant reduction in total Aβ, fibrillar deposits, and soluble Aβ, while the AQP4 inhibitor caused a substantial increase in brain Aβ. AQP4‐facilitator treatment also reduced Aβ40 levels and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio, whereas the inhibitor treatment increased both Aβ40 and Aβ42. Additionally, facilitator‐treated mice demonstrated reduced anxiety and improved memory performance.DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that AQP4 modulation is a promising strategy to enhance Aβ clearance and a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease.Highlights: Intramural periarterial drainage of the interstitial fluid mediated by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is a key element that ensures clearance of catabolites/Aβ peptide from within the brain parenchyma. Inhibition of AQP4 in an APPPS1 mouse model of AD leads to increased amyloid deposition and deficient behavior compared to untreated transgenic animals. Pharmaceutical facilitation of AQP4 in the same APPPS1 mouse model leads to a massive decrease in amyloid burden and improves the behavioral performance of the animals compared to untreated control APPPS1 mice.

Background/Objectives: Adenomyosis (A) is a benign but invasive uterine condition frequently associated with structural changes in the uterine wall that may contribute to infertility. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 140 patients: 100 diagnosed with primary infertility (PI) or secondary infertility (SI) and 40 in the control group. All patients were assessed using transvaginal two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy), performed in the early proliferative phase. Evaluated parameters included uterine dimensions, endometrial thickness, and characteristics of the junctional zone (JZ). Criteria such as JZmax > 5 mm or JZmax − JZmin > 5 mm, alongside other findings, supported the diagnosis of adenomyosis. Results: Patients with PI showed larger uterine longitudinal diameters, while SI patients had thicker JZ measurements. PI patients were significantly younger. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of endometrial glands and periglandular stroma disrupting myometrial architecture, forming chronic lesions potentially linked to infertility. Conclusions: HyCoSy revealed variable depths of myometrial invasion by A, with some cases extending near the serosa. The chronic lesions found in histopathological examination were potentially linked to infertility.

Background/Objectives: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) remains a major cause of maternal morbidity. This study aimed to describe the clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathological features of EP, including changes following methotrexate (MTX) therapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with EP between 2018 and 2024. Clinical characteristics, serum β-hCG (beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) dynamics, treatment type, site-specific ultrasonographic features, and histopathological aspects were evaluated. Results: Extrauterine EPs accounted for 63.3% of cases, predominantly tubal ectopic pregnancy (T-EP), while uterine ectopic pregnancy represented 33.3%, including cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) in 20%. Heterotopic pregnancy was identified in 3.3%. T-EP most frequently required surgical management, whereas MTX was effective in selected T-EP and CSP cases, as demonstrated by a ≥ 15% decline in serum β-hCG levels at 7 days. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) enabled accurate site-specific localization of ectopic implantation. Histopathological evaluation confirmed ectopic implantation and MTX-related changes in treated cases. Conclusions: Integrating clinical findings, β-hCG dynamics, and targeted TVUS allows accurate diagnosis and individualized management of EP, with histopathology providing definitive confirmation and insight into treatment-related changes.

Background and Objectives: Uterine arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but potentially life-threatening vascular anomalies that most commonly develop after pregnancy-related uterine trauma, such as curettage or surgical evacuation. The widespread use of color Doppler ultrasonography has led to increased recognition of these lesions and a shift from hysterectomy toward fertility-preserving, minimally invasive management. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on acquired uterine AVF/AVM after early pregnancy loss, with particular emphasis on diagnostic challenges and contemporary therapeutic approaches, illustrated by representative clinical experience. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted focusing on the pathophysiology, ultrasound and Doppler diagnostic criteria, interventional radiologic techniques, hysteroscopic management, and fertility outcomes in acquired uterine AVF/AVM. Illustrative clinical insights from anonymized post-abortion cases managed at our institution were incorporated solely to contextualize diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Results: Color and spectral Doppler ultrasonography emerged as the diagnostic cornerstone, typically demonstrating serpiginous myometrial vessels with high-velocity, low-resistance turbulent flow, allowing for differentiation from retained products of conception. Uterine artery embolization showed high efficacy in achieving hemorrhage control, while hysteroscopic coagulation or resection represented an effective complementary or, in selected focal lesions, definitive treatment. Clinical experience highlighted that AVF-related vascularity may be evident early or may evolve over time, underscoring the importance of repeat Doppler evaluation in patients with persistent or recurrent bleeding. Conclusions: Acquired uterine AVF should be considered in women presenting with ongoing or recurrent uterine bleeding following aspiration abortion or curettage, even when initial Doppler findings are inconclusive. Individualized, minimally invasive strategies—often combining uterine artery embolization and hysteroscopic techniques—offer effective, uterus-preserving alternatives to hysterectomy.