Background: Different dietary components can potentially affect the hematological and biochemical profile, and cause pathohistological changes in liver and kidney tissue. Aim: The aim of the study is to show the effects of consuming meat and meat products, as well as consuming bread and other bakery products, by monitoring the hematological profile in experimental animals, as well as possible changes in the liver and kidneys that may be caused. Methods: The research involved 24 clinically healthy adult rats, randomized into three groups of eight rats each, as follows: rats that consumed meat products (group M), rats that consumed bakery products (group H), and conventional briquetted food for rodents (group K) over seven weeks. After seven weeks, hematological and biochemical blood analysis, analysis of poikilocytotic forms of erythrocytes, as well as pathohistological analysis of the liver and kidneys were performed. Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded between groups of examined animals for common hematological and biochemical parameters. A statistically significant difference was found (p<0.05) in the variables CREA, UREA, BUN/CREA, Ca, ALT, ALKP and LIPA. Consumption of meat products had a less favorable impact in terms of the occurrence of kidney function disorders. It was found that the number of leukocytes and platelets in group H differed statistically significantly compared to groups M and K. Extreme echinocytosis was recorded in group M. Sideropenic anemia was found in the group of rats that consumed bakery products. Analysis of the livers of rats in groups K and H did not show significant differences in the observed parameters, while rats fed meat products had a significantly higher degree of hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis, and the observed infiltrate was also more pronounced, but not statistically significantly. The kidneys of the group of rats that consumed the meat diet showed discrete alterations of the microstructure, i.e. slightly increased cellularity of renal corpuscles and hypertrophy of proximal nephrocytes, while the kidney tissue of the control group had a regular appearance. Conclusion: Meat product consumption was associated with adverse liver and kidney changes, while bakery products led to sideropenic anemia and altered hematological values.

Hematological analyses are important in veterinary and humanmedicine for early detection of homeostatic changes andassessment of systemic responses to injury, stress, and therapy.In this study, the hematological response of Wistar rats withsurgically induced wounds was analyzed following treatmentwith natural and synthetic therapeutic agents.Twenty-four healthy adult Wistar rats were randomized into sixgroups (n = 4): surgical control (C), gentamicin ointment (AB),Manuka honey MGO 250+ (MH1), Manuka honey MGO 550+(MH2), chlorine dioxide (CL), and absolute control withoutincision and therapy (CC). After a standardized abdominalincision (except CC), treatments were applied twice daily for 7days. On day 7, hematological parameters and peripheral bloodsmears were analyzed.Significant intergroup differences were found in WBC (p =0.030), lymphocytes (p = 0.020), RBC (p = 0.002), MCV andMCH (p < 0.001), RDW-CV and RDW-SD (p < 0.001). Elevatedestimated marginal means were most consistent in MH1, MH2,and CC, particularly for WBC, lymphocytes, RBC, and red cellindices, suggesting a more pronounced hematological response.Poikilocytosis was present in all groups, with annulocytes mostprevalent (up to 6.01% in MH1), followed by dacryocytes andovalocytes. The leukogram showed lymphocyte dominance inall groups, with the highest percentage in MH1 (65.75%), andthe highest neutrophil percentage in AB (47.75%).This study provides insight into potential differences inthe hematological response to natural and synthetic woundtreatments in an animal model, and serves as a basis for furtherresearch into the biological safety and efficacy of the therapiesused.

 Introduction : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a complex pathophysiological mechanism. The adipose tissue, blood and its cellular components are less-studied extra-articular manifestations of RA. Aim : In this study, we used a pristane-induced RA rat model to assess the impact of RA-induced inflammation on anthropometric parameters, obesity indices, white blood cell differentiation, and morphological changes in red blood cells. Materials and methods : The randomized controlled, prospective, experimental study involved 20 adult female Wistar rats, aged 12-13 weeks, with body weights ranging from 180 to 220 grams. The rats were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental RA-induced group (PIA group; n=10) and a control group of healthy animals (n=10). Rheumatoid arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of 150 μL of pristane at the dorsal base of the tail. Results : Rats in the PIA group exhibited significantly lower values of body weight ( p =0.002), abdominal circumference ( p =0.011), and BMI ( p =0.028) compared to those in the control group. The number of neutrophils ( p <0.001) and eosinophils ( p <0.001) in the PIA group was significantly higher than in the control group, while the number of lymphocytes ( p =0.001) was lower. Peripheral blood smear analysis showed a significant increase in the number of dacryocytes ( p =0.003), anulocytes ( p =0.002), spherocytes ( p <0.001), and reticulocytes ( p <0.001) in the PIA group compared to the control group. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that the pathological processes in rheumatoid arthritis are reflected in the anthropometric parameters, the distribution of specific leukocyte types, and the morphological characteristics of erythrocytes. These factors collectively contribute to the complexity of disease progression in RA.

Attacks by dogs, primarily stray dogs, are a very common problem faced by both underdeveloped and developed local goverments. The damage caused by attacks from stray dogs has multiple, and often long-lasting, harmful consequences for their victims, which are also reflected on members of their families. This manuscript provides a veterinary-epidemiological definition of the concept of dogs, as well as their legal definition in the context of „dangerous things“, and the psychological aspect that is regularly manifested in victims. Analyzing the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a comparative presentation of the regulations of the EU member states, systematic overviews and answers are given, which are important for the improvement of existing regulations and harmonization of law and jurisprudence.

This case report describes a foal of the Bosnian MountainHorse (Equus ferus caballus) type, found in a cachectic andlife-threatening condition in Eastern Bosnia, in April 2024. Thefoal, approximately two months old and orphaned, was adoptedby local residents. It was fed a diet based on diluted cow’smilk, forage and concentrates, supplemented with minerals andvitamins. The foal was monitored until it reached one year ofage. Morphometric measurements included front cannon girth,thorax girth, body length, height at withers, and height at croup.Despite non-standard feeding and care conditions, the foalshowed progressive recovery and development comparable tohealthy foals of the same breed.