Lactate anaerobic threshold has been a commonly used metric in the field of training monitoring, however its invasiveness has been overwhelming. Therefore, this study utilized sweat sensors to monitor Na⁺ and K⁺ in sweat to investigate the possibility of using sweat for anaerobic threshold monitoring. Fifty-five subjects were asked to complete an incremental load riding test. The test started at 100 W and each level of load lasted 3 min with one minute of rest in increments of 25 W/3min until exhaustion. Sweat collection was performed on the left chest throughout the ride to test sweat Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations at each level, and fingertip blood collection was performed to measure blood lactate concentrations. For high and middle level populations, sST and sPT showed higher correlation and agreement with bLT (HL: sST vs. bLT: r = 0.559 p < 0.05,sPT vs. bLT: r = 0.667 p < 0.05;ML: sST vs. bLT: r = 0.802 ,p < 0.01, sPT vs. bLT: r = 0.723 p < 0.01), whereas for low level populations the method may not predict anaerobic threshold. The findings validates the possibility of sweat monitoring on anaerobic threshold testing, which suggests that sweat metrics are linked to energy metabolism metrics, which could help to advance sweat monitoring in the field of exercise practice. Further research is needed to advance exploration in this field.

Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) involves dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics. This review systematically integrates the specific mechanisms by which exercise modulates mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mass control in the liver within MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) models. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science identified 11 animal studies investigating exercise and mitochondrial dynamics markers. Results: MASLD generally exhibited a “pro-fission” phenotype. Exercise, particularly moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), reversed these alterations via “pro-fusion, anti-fission” effects and restored biogenesis and mitophagy. Crucially, effects appeared to be “modality-specific” and “intensity-dependent.” Current evidence suggests that reversing severe fission and restoring inner-membrane may require a specific “intensity threshold,” with voluntary wheel running showing limited efficacy in steatohepatitis. Notably, resistance exercise seemed to display a distinct profile, effectively curbing fission but diverging in fusion/biogenesis regulation. Conclusions: Synthesizing preclinical evidence, this review suggests that exercise ameliorates hepatic mitochondrial dysregulation in MASLD and appears to exhibit characteristics of “modality specificity” and “intensity dependence.” Specifically, an “intensity threshold” may be critical for profound structural remodeling, while resistance exercise exhibits a distinct regulatory profile. Future long-term clinical trials are warranted to validate these animal-derived findings and develop stage-specific “precision exercise prescriptions” for patients.

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) may be overlooked in university-based health screening programmes that rely primarily on body mass index (BMI). Relative fat ma

Background/Objectives: Tactical populations must maintain high physical capacity and operational readiness despite substantial occupational demands and musculoskeletal injury risk. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) has potential applications in injury rehabilitation and the restoration or maintenance of physical capacity. However, BFRT research in tactical populations has not been systematically mapped. This review aimed to characterize the existing evidence. Methods: This scoping review followed JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidance. Seven databases and two clinical trial registries were searched. Two reviewers independently conducted study screening and data extraction. Evidence was summarized descriptively and graphically. Results: Thirty reports representing 21 studies were included, comprising 17 completed studies and 4 protocol- or registry-only studies. All completed studies involved military populations, and all planned studies targeted military populations. No eligible studies involving other tactical occupations were identified. Completed studies generally had small BFRT-exposed samples and short intervention durations, with male representation more common than female representation across studies. They mainly examined rehabilitation and fitness/performance. Individualized occlusion-pressure prescription and low-load resistance exercise were common. Strength/power was the most frequently assessed observed outcome, whereas occupational performance was rarely assessed. Safety and implementation reporting in completed studies remained incomplete. Conclusions: Completed BFRT studies in tactical populations have increased in recent years, but the evidence remains limited to military populations and exploratory in nature. Future studies should include non-military tactical occupations and more women, use larger samples and longer interventions, assess occupationally relevant outcomes, and improve the completeness and consistency of BFRT prescription, implementation, and safety reporting.