Gully topography significantly disturbs the in-situ stress field of underlying coal and rock masses, but the quantitative relationship between gully morphology and stress anomalies remains unclear. Taking the Kuangou Coal Mine as an example, this study combines numerical simulation and field validation to investigate stress distribution characteristics in a gully region. The results show that mountain height is positively correlated with vertical stress, while gully depth is negatively correlated. In contrast, gully width and angle mainly affect the horizontal stress distribution, and their influence decays rapidly with increasing burial depth. Based on these findings, a stress disturbance coefficient λ is proposed, and a rock burst hazard classification criterion using the D/H ratio (burial depth D to mountain height H) is established: D < 1.6H for high hazard, 1.6H ≤ D < 2.4H for medium, 2.4H ≤ D < 3.6H for low, and D ≥ 3.6H for no hazard. Field validation using 16 large-energy mine tremor events confirms the reliability of the proposed criterion. The method provides a quantitative basis for differentiated rock burst prevention in gully regions.

Given the scarcity of raw materials for rockburst prevention in filling mining and the lack of space for disposal of large amount of municipal waste, the feasibility of preparing filling materials for rockburst mines from stale waste was investigated by laboratory tests and theoretical analysis. On this basis, the process of preparing filling materials from stale garbage was proposed, and corresponding equipment were developed to prepare stale garbage filling mass. According to the characteristics and uses of the stale waste filling materials, two processes of volume filling and strength filling are proposed, and the key technology of stale garbage filling to control rockburst was designed. The following conclusions were drawn: stale garbage can be made into mine filling material because of its composition, strength, and shape. The process of preparing mine filling materials from obsolete waste includes crushing, screening, compression, and packaging. The equipment suitable for the process includes crushing-screening, compression-forming, and sealing-packaging integrated equipment. The equipment has realized effective screening, compression, and bulk packaging of stale garbage, so that the stale garbage filling mass can meet the requirements of environmental protection and strength. Strength filling is a filling method that uses the strength of stale garbage filling mass to protect the overlying strata from or less damage, thereby reducing the stress concentration in the coal face and reducing the risk of rockburst occurring. Volume filling mainly depends on the volume of the filling mass, with the main purpose of reducing the stress concentration in the roadway surrounding rock. The rockburst mine filling technology of stale garbage is support track filling technology and bag filling technology, and the deep well sealing of stale garbage is block stacking technology. The deep well filling mining key technologies provide a new approach to against rockburst and treat large amounts of municipal waste.

Rock bursts in complex topographic settings remain a critical challenge in deep underground engineering. This study investigates overburden fracture behavior and rock burst mechanisms during coal seam mining in mountainous areas, employing laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. The results reveal that mountain topography induces nonuniform overburden fracture, and as the coal face advances beneath the mountain, the shifting pivot point of the deflected overburden causes a seesaw‐type rotational motion (backward first, then mutual, and finally forward), driving fractures to undergo an “open‐close‐reopen” cycle. During mining through mountainous zones, the cyclic, seesaw‐like subsidence releases accumulated elastic strain energy and gravitational potential energy. The coupled action of these energy sources at the coal face induces forward‐tilting and back‐rotating rock bursts, exhibiting distinct major‐minor cycle phenomena. The study clarifies the mechanism of seesaw‐type overburden motion and its role in triggering rock bursts, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for precise monitoring, early warning, and prevention of rock bursts in mountainous mining settings.