Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) is considered a key pest of maize. However, the artificial diets used for rearing this insect in the laboratory do not contain corn. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biology and to compare the food consumption by S. frugiperda, as well as the food preference of the larvae in the standard diet and the corn-based diet. Three of the following diets were evaluated: a standard diet based on beans (D₁), a diet with corn flour as substitute for wheat germ (D₂), and a diet replacing beans with green corn (D₃). The biological parameters evaluated were period and survival of larvae and pupae; weight of male and female pupae; sex ratio; fecundity; egg incubation period; and adult longevity. The nutritional indices were determined and the biological data obtained were used to determine the parameters of fertility life tables; we also performed a multiple-choice test (feeding test). Larval development of S. frugiperda occurred in all three diets, although without oviposition by females developed from larval fed on D₂. There was no difference among the diets in relation to the fertility life table parameters. The diet D₂ resulted in better ingestion, digestion, assimilation, and conversion of food, but was associated with a metabolic cost to assimilate the food. Using a multiple-choice test, we observed that the larvae preferred diet D₂. Based on our results, the most adequate diets for rearing S. frugiperda in the laboratory are D₁ and D₃.

The objectives were to evaluate the efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi against Plutella xylostella (L.) and the compatibility of the most virulent isolates with some of the insecticides registered for use on cabbage crops. Pathogenicity tests used isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium rileyi, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria sinclairii, and Lecanicillium muscarium standardized at a concentration of 10⁷ conidia/ml. Cabbage leaf discs were immersed in these suspensions, and after evaporation of the excess water, were placed 10 second-instar larvae of P. xylostella, totaling 10 leaf discs per treatment. Mortality was assessed 7 d after treatment, and the isolates that caused mortality >80% were used to estimate LC₅₀ and LT₅₀. The compatibilities of the most virulent isolates and the insecticides were tested from the mixture of these into the culture medium, and after solidifying, the medium was inoculated with an aliquot of the isolated suspension. The following parameters were evaluated: growth of the colony, number and viability of conidia after 7 d. The isolated IBCB01, IBCB18, IBCB66, and IBCB87 of B. bassiana, LCMAP101 of M. rileyi, and ARSEF7973 of I. sinclairii caused mortality between 80 and 100%, with LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ between 2.504 to 6.775 × 10⁴ conidia/ml and 52.22 to 112.13 h, respectively. The active ingredients thiamethoxam and azadirachtin were compatible with the entomopathogenic fungi. The results suggest that the use of these isolates is an important alternative in the pesticidal management of P. xylostella, with the possible exception of the associated use of chemical controls using the active ingredients thiamethoxam or azadirachtin.

Estudou-se a preferência para oviposição e a performance larval de fêmeas de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Fêmeas selvagens ou criadas em laboratório foram testadas, individualmente, quanto à preferência de oviposição em relação a uma espécie de fruto (mamão) em diferentes estágios de maturação e em relação a dois frutos de espécies diferentes: mamão e maçã. Tanto as fêmeas criadas em laboratório como as selvagens ovipositaram preferencialmente nos frutos de mamão maduro em relação aos verdes e que o mamão maduro foi o melhor para a performance larval. Com relação aos testes de preferência de oviposição e performance larval com frutos diferentes, mamão e maçã, evidenciou-se que as larvas, tanto selvagens quanto de laboratório, desenvolveram-se melhor no mamão. No entanto, apenas as fêmeas selvagens preferiram ovipositar no mamão em relação a maçã. As fêmeas criadas em laboratório não mostraram preferência de oviposição pelo fruto que permitiu melhor performance larval.