Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as multifunctional compounds with low volatility, high thermal stability, and tunable solvation capabilities, making them highly promising for biomedical applications. First explored in the late 1990s and early 2000s for enhancing the thermal stability of enzymes, antimicrobial agents, and controlled release systems, ILs have since gained significant attention in drug delivery, antimicrobial treatments, medical imaging, and biosensing. This review examines the diverse functions of ILs in contemporary therapeutics and diagnostics, highlighting their transformative capabilities in improving drug solubility, bioavailability, transdermal permeability, and pathogen inactivation. In drug delivery, ILs improve solubility of bioactive compounds, with several IL formulations achieving substantial solubility enhancements for poorly soluble drugs. Bio-ILs, in particular, show promise in enhancing drug delivery systems, such as improving transdermal permeability. ILs also exhibit significant antimicrobial and antiviral activity, offering new avenues for combating resistant pathogens. Despite their broad potential, challenges such as cytotoxicity, long-term metabolic effects, and the stability of ILs in physiological conditions persist. While much research has focused on their physicochemical properties, biological activity and in vivo studies are still underexplored. The future directions for ILs in biomedical applications include the development of bioengineered ILs and hybrid ILs, combining functional components like nanoparticles and polymers to create multifunctional materials. These ILs, derived from renewable resources, show great promise in personalized medicine and clinical applications. Further research is necessary to evaluate their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and long-term safety to fully realize their biomedical potential. This study emphasizes the potential of ILs to transform therapeutic and diagnostic technologies by highlighting present shortcomings and offering pathways for clinical translation, while also debating the need for continuous research to fully utilize their biomedical capabilities.

In the process of production, batik industry often used chemicals such as dye used in dyeing process. Waste water of batik industry containing high concentration of BOD, COD, suspended solid, and color relatively high. One of alternative processing for liquid waste batik is using the neutralization and electrocoagulation method. The purposes of this research were to find the influence of processing with the neutralization and electrocoagulation methode, to find the removal efficiency and to know optimal voltage in reducing the concentration of total chromium, COD, and TSS on liquid waste batik. At the neutralization methode using concentrated HCl. Electrode used in electrocoagulation methode was aluminium as plate electrodes. The observation parameter were total chromium, COD, and TSS at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The process of neutralization and electrocoagulation of liquid waste batik most effective was reached on voltage 12 volts at 90 minutes that decrease total chromium concentration from 4,908 mg/L to 0,005 mg/L, COD concentration from 1890 mg/L to 68,55 mg/L, and TSS concentration from 296,7 mg/L to 41 mg/L. the voltage as able to produce electrical power equal to 0,036 KWH. A method of electrocoagulation most efficient to remove 99,90%, 96,37%, and 86,18% of total chromium, COD, and TSS respectively. Keywords : Total Chromium, COD, TSS, Liquid Waste Batik, Electrocoagulation

Clove essential oil (EO) has a high eugenol content. Fresh cloves need to go through a drying and distillation process to produce essential oils. However, sun drying cannot be done optimally during the rainy season. Therefore, some farmers (SMEs) use the oven drying method. The initial study found that the eugenol content after the drying process decreased. Therefore, this study aimed to maintain high eugenol content in dry cloves. After identifying the problem, it is solved using the TRIZ method, and research is continued for a new oven prototype. Three issues are found in drying cloves based on field surveys and literature studies. First, the clove moisture content is not uniform after the drying process. The second problem was that the clove was too dry after the drying process and the eugenol content decreased. And the third problem is the oven that has been used so far is still fuel-wasting. The literature studies also found several parameters to be a reference in designing a new oven: the number of trays in the oven, clove thickness, the space between the trays in the oven, and the steam gap on the tray. In addition, the appropriate oven coating material can also be determined (plywood, galvanized plate, and air). In the TRIZ method, several solutions were found to design a new oven. Eight things have been changed from the existing drying oven, including the number of trays in the oven, a steam gap in each tray, the size of the mesh used for the tray base, material for the drying oven, the thickness of the cloves on the tray, the temperature used in the drying process, installation of a thermostat to control the temperature in the oven, separate combustion chamber from the tray space (indirect heating), and without using a blower

Siput Gonggong menjadi salah satu komoditas unggulan di Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau. Siput Gonggong memiliki cangkang yang berukuran relatif besar dan keras dengan penyumbang 60% berat bagian dari Gonggong. Cangkang Gonggong menjadi limbah dikarenakan masyarakat menganggap bahwa cangkang Gonggong sebagai sesuatu yang tidak bermanfaat. Cangkang Gonggong di Desa Pengujan, Kabupaten Bintan pada umumnya hanya dijadikan sebagai kerajinan souvenir dengan harga yang murah. Oleh karena itu program ini memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat di Desa Pengujan dalam memanfaatkan limbah cangkang Gonggong menjadi tepung yang dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif bahan campuran pakan ternak. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini berupa sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan dalam pengolahan limbah cangkang Gonggong menjadi tepung. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat Desa Pengujan memanfaatkan cangkang Gonggong yang ada di lingkungan sekitar sehingga meningkatkan nilai ekonomi.