Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), one of the most widely grown edible legumes in Asia, plays important roles in the improvement of agricultural cultivation systems as well as human diets. As an understudied crop, however, most mungbean varieties are characterized by unstable yields, poor disease resistance, and unsuitability for mechanical harvesting, thereby leading to a low production income. We, therefore, developed Jilv 20, a new mungbean cultivar with a dull seed coat, by crossing Bao 942-34 with Weilv 9002-341. After 11 years of selection and evaluation, Jilv 20 has shown wide adaptability, early maturity, high yield, halo blight resistance, and suitability for mechanical harvesting. The growth period of Jilv 20 is 79.5 and 66.7 days in the spring and summer sowing seasons, respectively, and the average plant height is approximately 56.4 cm. In this study, average yields were 1737.9, 1532.3, and 2045.1 kg/hm² in northern spring-sowing, northern summer-sowing, and southern sites, respectively; these values were respectively 27.83%, 28.48%, and 6.96% higher than those of control cultivar Zhonglv 5, which has been popular in past decades because of its wide adaptability. The average protein and starch contents of Jilv 20 seeds were 25.0% and 49.56%, respectively. Further application and extension of Jilv 20 in China should contribute to mungbean production, breeding, and industrial development.

Herbicides are widely applied for weed control in mung bean cultivation. Developing new varieties with herbicide resistance is critical for weed management in mung bean. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, developed from a cross between the fomesafen resistant variety LZ177 and the fomesafen susceptible variety LD235, was used to map the genes related to fomesafen herbicide resistance. The initial mapping performed with genetic mapping and BSA-seq revealed a candidate region of 1.17 Mb on chromosome 11. RNA-seq were performed using a residual heterozygous line 198 resistant (RHL198-R) and susceptible (RHL198-S) line at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after fomesafen treatment. Gene mapping, BSA-seq, and RNA-seq identified a total of 13 potential candidate genes, of which one-base (A) insertion/deletion in the exon of jg37117 , which encode a tau class glutathione S-transferase U18 (GSTU18), was determined to be the most promising candidate gene. We detected an A deletion in the exon of VrGSTU18 in the susceptible lines, which are more susceptible to fomesafen than those lacking this deletion. VrGSTU18 was cloned from LZ177 and subsequently transferred into Arabidopsis. Compared with WT plants, the VrGSTU18 -overexpressing T ₁ transgenic seedlings were more resistant to fomesafen herbicide. This study identified candidate gene potentially conferring resistance to fomesafen herbicide, providing a theoretical foundation for future research in mung bean breeding.

Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum, poses a significant threat to mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), impacting its yield and quality. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed by crossing the highly resistant cultivar Weilv 9002-341 with the highly susceptible line V1128. Assessment of resistance revealed a continuous variation in the average disease index within the resulting population, consistent with the inheritance pattern of quantitative traits. Leveraging an F_2:3 segregating population, we conducted linkage mapping analysis and bulked segregant analysis by sequencing, leading to the construction of a genetic linkage map and the identification of a region correlated with resistance. Within this region, 14 novel simple sequence repeat markers were designed to enable refined mapping. A putative resistance locus, spanning 0.17 Mb and encompassing 19 annotated genes, was precisely located. Ultimately, two genes were identified as high-priority candidates conferring resistance. The results of this study lay the foundation for the functional investigation of genes associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt disease in mungbean.