Age-related hearing loss, presbycusis, is one of the most frequent sensory impairments in the ageing population. It is associated with pathologies of both inner ear and the central parts of the auditory system. Intact cognitive functions are necessary for the proper processing of complex auditory information. Since the beginning of the 80s, there is an increasing amount of evidence linking presbycusis to cognitive impairment and increased risk of dementia. The exact cause, which connects these two pathologies, is still unknown, although there are several hypotheses with various levels of evidence available. This review aims to describe the role of cognitive functions in the auditory processing, to summarize published evidence for a relationship between the hearing loss and cognitive impairment with a possible mechanism, which would explain this link. In addition, we discuss specific features of cognitive assessment in a person with hearing loss and describe the effect of hearing loss treatment, e. g. with hearing aids, cochlear implant and cognitive-hearing training on cognitive functions. Keywords: dementia – hearing loss – presbycusis – cognitive decline

Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses is essential in diagnosing odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis. Treatment primarily targets the dental focus, with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) indicated when necessary. Assessing CT findings using the Lund–Mackay score (LMS) may guide therapeutic decisions. This study retrospectively compared LMS, dental pathology type, and reported symptoms with treatment choices in patients treated for odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis between 2012 and 2022 at a tertiary otorhinolaryngology center. Of 2067 chronic rhinosinusitis patients, 61 had an odontogenic cause. LMS was determined in 57 patients and correlated with treatment strategy. Dental pathology subtypes and presenting symptoms were also analyzed. A control group of 25 patients with localized, non-odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis was included. Fifteen patients not undergoing ESS had lower LMS values (median one), while 42 surgical patients had higher scores (median six). Periapical pathology (47.4%) and oroantral fistula (26.3%) were the most common causes. Nasal discharge and pain were the most frequent symptoms. Neither dental pathology type nor symptoms significantly influenced treatment decisions. The extent of CT-detected pathology, reflected by LMS, can serve as a key criterion in determining treatment for odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis, independent of symptoms or specific dental pathology type.

Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses is essential in diagnosing odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis. Treatment primarily targets the dental focus, with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) indicated when necessary. Assessing CT findings using the Lund–Mackay score (LMS) may guide therapeutic decisions. This study retrospectively compared LMS, dental pathology type, and reported symptoms with treatment choices in patients treated for odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis between 2012 and 2022 at a tertiary otorhinolaryngology center. From 2067 chronic rhinosinusitis patients, 61 had an odontogenic cause. LMS was determined in 57 patients and correlated with treatment strategy. Dental pathology subtypes and presenting symptoms were also analyzed. A control group of 25 patients with localized, non-odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis was included. Fifteen patients not undergoing ESS had lower LMS values (median 1), while 42 surgical patients had higher scores (median 6). Periapical pathology (47.4%) and oroantral fistula (26.3%) were the most common causes. Nasal discharge and pain were the most frequent symptoms. Neither dental pathology type nor symptoms significantly influenced treatment decisions.The extent of CT-detected pathology, reflected by LMS, can serve as a key criterion in determining treatment for odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis, independent of symptoms or specific dental pathology type.

Background: Nasal obstruction is one of the most common symptoms in rhinology. In 2004, Stewart published a very simple instrument of nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE), which has already been adapted and validated in a number of languages. The aim of this study was to validate the Czech version of the questionnaire (NOSE-cz). Materials and Methods: Two-centre prospective instrument validation study. The psychometric properties (reliability, validity, sensitivity) of the Czech version were assessed in 72 patients undergoing (rhino) septoplasty and 39 asymptomatic controls. Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.796 and 0.691 before and after surgery, respectively) and test-retest reliability (Pearson’s test, 0.74; P <0.0001) were very good. The instrument showed excellent discrimination between groups (two sample t-test; P <0.0001) and sensitivity (standardised response mean 2.53). Conclusions: The Czech version of NOSE (NOSE-cz) demonstrated good to excellent psychometric properties and its use is recommended for daily clinical practice and research. Keywords: Quality of life – nasal obstruction – validation – NOSE scale – septoplasty