Introduction. Currently, more than 600 thousand people a year are affected by malignant tumors on the territory of the Russian Federation. Despite the large selection of antitumor drugs and the variety of mechanisms of their action, the effectiveness of existing drugs continues to be insufficient. The main disadvantages of most antitumor drugs are the emergence of tolerance to them of tumor cells, a limited range of action and high toxicity. In this regard, the creation of effective original domestic antitumor drugs still remains relevant. Among the numerous natural and synthetic heterocyclic compounds that exhibit antitumor activity, indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives that can initiate various pathways of tumor cell death are of increasing interest. The main targets for their action are topoisomerases and protein kinases, which play an important role in the processes of replication, transcription, repair or recombination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Due to this, in addition to antitumor activity, this group of compounds shows antibacterial, аntiprotozoal and immunomodulatory activity, which makes them a very promising class of candidates for the creation of new drugs.Text. The purpose of this review is to discuss instrumental methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives used in the world's leading pharmacopoeias. These methods can be used both in pharmacokinetic studies, and in the standardization of these compounds, in the form of pharmaceutical substances, or as part of drug forms.Conclusion. To further introduce a new group of antitumor drugs based on indole[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives into medical practice, a deep and thorough study of their physical and chemical properties is necessary. Justification and development of analysis methods allow us to develop methods applicable to pharmacokinetic studies, as well as to create regulatory documents for quality control and standardization of indolo[2,3-a] carbazole derivatives as pharmaceutical substances. A study of the literature that describes methods for analyzing indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives indicates that spectrometric (infrared and ultraviolet spectrometry) and chromatographic (thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography) methods are most often used to determine the authenticity and quantitative analysis of these compounds.

Introduction. Bladder neck sclerosis (BNS) is a widespread complication of the surgical treatment of prostate diseases. Nevertheless, the etiology and pathogenesis of BNC development are not well understood, the frequency and degree of iatrogenic BNS varies depending on what treatment took place before its appearance. Treatment options for BNS can vary from simple dilatation to complex surgical interventions. Clinical variants of BNS, as well as their treatment options, vary in complexity, from simple short annular contractures to obliterating stenosis, which requires a significant expansion of surgical treatment volume. The purpose of this study – is to assess the effectiveness of modern and alternative methods of prevention and treatment of BNS based on the analysis of published studies. Materials and methods. The search and analysis of publications in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, elibrary, according to the keywords, «bladder neck sclerosis», «benign prostatic hyperplasia», «bladder neck contracture», «bladder neck stenosis», «balloon dilatation», «treatment». As a result, 46 publications were selected and included in this review. Results and discussion. In this review, we highlighted the routine and alternative methods of BNS treatment. Currently, there are quite modern methods for treating prostate diseases (using robotic techniques, electrosurgical resections, and enucleations, laser enucleations, etc.), which are often complicated by secondary BNS. Nowadays, there are a lot of routine and alternative methods of treatment of secondary BNS in the urologist’s armamentarium. Routine methods include TUR and incision of the bladder neck using electric and laser energy, alternative methods include balloon dilatation, installation of a urethral stent, instillation (or intraoperative injection) of the bladder with cytostatics, hormonal drugs, derivatives of hyaluronic acid, and biomedical cell products. Conclusions. According to the literature from the listed alternative treatment methods for BNS, balloon dilatation is the most promising one. Based on the results of the literature analysis, we concluded that the use of balloon dilatation as a method of primary (least invasive) treatment and prevention of the occurrence of BNS is advisable.

The technique of the quantitative determination of the sum of flavonoids based on rutin in the Canadian Goldenrod herb is modified by the method of differential spectrophotometry. Optimal conditions...

Indolocarbazole glycosidic derivative LCS-1269 with significant antiproliferative activity has been synthesized in N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. To control the quality of the substance, the chromatographic method of the assay was created and validated. The technique was carried out in a gradient mode using mobile phases consist of acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid and purified water. The specificity of the method was shown by checking of test solutions and the special solvent chromatograms. The method linearity was confirmed, and the parameters of linear dependence have been estimated, and the relationship was described by the equation: y = 49.23× – 35.51 with correlation coefficient 0.9998. The method’s precision was determined as the repeatability with a relative error of the mean 1.49% and was 2.433 ± 0.036. Was shown, that the results obtained in the intermediate precision estimation were not burdened with a systematic error. The detection limit and quantitation limit were calculated based on the linear relationship data as 3.15 μg/mL and 9.57 μg/mL, respectively. Sensitive HPLC method for LCS-1269 assay in substance has been developed and validated.