Fertilization is the act of adding fertilizers to the soil in order to provide essential nutrients for the development of cultivated plants. However, the use of bovine manure can act as a source of weed propagules, including non-native species. Due to the importance and lack of research on the topic, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the seed bank present in bovine manure used by farmers in the municipality of Itabaiana, SE. For that, samples of bovine manure were collected in 10 rural properties in the municipality of Itabaiana, SE. The evaluation of the seed bank was carried out by accounting for emerged seedlings. Usual phytosociological indices were calculated for each species. Altogether 35 species were sampled, of which 28 native and seven non-native. The native species with the highest importance value was Euphorbia hirta, as it has the highest density (AD = 1122 ind.m-²) and is present in 28 sample units. The non-native species with the highest importance value was Eleusine indica, because it has the third highest density (AD = 171.2 m²) and is present in 21 sample units. The obtained results reveal that bovine manure has a high number of weed, which is quite worrying, as they are species that generate important environmental and economic impacts.

The present study aimed to update the categorization of the extinction risk of Discocactus bahiensis Britton & Rose and Discocactus zehntneri Britton & Rose, endemic Cactaceae species from Northeastern Brazil. The georeferenced species occurrence points were obtained from the online databases speciesLink and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Polygons were traced using these points, being gridded with 4 km² cells and virtually divided in half (2 km²). Afterwards, the cells occupied by the species were counted in order to obtain their occupation areas. The species D.bahiensis presented 17 records and an occupation area of 32 km², while D.zehntneri presented 15 records and an occupation area of 24 km². The sites where the species are found present different factors of anthropic pressure. Thus, the species D.bahienses and D.zehntneri were categorized as “Endangered”, according to the B2biiicii criteria.

Murundus fields (wetland earth-mounds) represent a relatively understudied physiognomy in the Cerrado biome. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, life history, phytosociology, endemism, and conservation status of woody plant species in murundus fields in a forestry-dominated landscape in the Brazilian savanna. We established 40 plots, each measuring 50 × 20 m, where all live shrub-arboreal plants with a trunk diameter at the base of ≥1 cm and a height > 0.5 m were identified. Using these data, we calculated the absolute and relative values of density, dominance, and frequency, as well as the importance value index. In addition, we estimated Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity indices and Pielou’s equability index. Our findings included 155 species, 69 genera, and 38 families in the study area. The invasive exotic species Pinus caribaea Morelet showed the highest importance value, followed by Jacaranda caroba (Vell.) DC., Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud., Erythroxylum suberosum A.St.-Hil., and Miconia fallax DC. The pronounced presence of P. caribaea is a matter of concern and highlights the need for control measures, given its potential to hinder the regeneration of native species. We identified species occurring in various Cerrado phytophysiognomies, suggesting that murundus fields function as transitional habitats. This study underscores the importance of conserving species within the inadequately studied Cerrado physiognomy.

Biological invasions contribute significantly to the loss of global biodiversity. Despite the growing number of works on the subject, studies that address the distribution of these species are still needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dispersion of five invasive exotic species (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Crotalaria retusa, Leucaena leucocephala, Megathyrsus maximus and Prosopis juliflora) according to biome, climate, Federal Conservation Units and land use and occupation. For this, georeferenced occurrence points of the species were obtained from the specieslink and Gbif databases. These points were plotted on thematic maps made in the Qgis 3.18.3 software. The species M. maximus was the one with the highest number of records in Brazil (644), followed by C. retusa (446), L. leucocephala (426), A. heterophyllus (315) and P. juliflora (150). The biome with the highest occurrence of invasive exotics was the Atlantic Forest (948), followed by the Caatinga (423) and Cerrado (334). Most taxa were found in almost all climate classes. Regarding the distribution of species in federal conservation units, C. retusa was present in 40 of them, M. maximus in 20, L. leucocephala in 10, A. heterophyllus in five and P. julifora in four. All species showed higher occurrence in sites with use and occupation of anthropic soils. Our results revealed that the evaluated species have a wide distribution throughout the Brazilian territory and occur in most of the investigated conditions, therefore, it is necessary that public policies are created in order to promote the eradication of these species.

Plantas daninhas geram substanciais prejuízos agropecuários. O estudo objetivou analisar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de manejo de bovinos na contaminação do esterco por plantas daninhas. Amostras de partes de fezes bovinas foram coletadas de animais confinados em curral (CC), em pastagem tradicional (PT) e em pastagem mista (PM). Essas amostras foram mescladas a areia autoclavada e colocadas em bandejas. A avaliação do banco de sementes foi aferida a cada 15 dias durante 3,5 meses. Para cada espécie foram determinados: a densidade, frequência e o valor de importância. Também foram calculadas a diversidade e a equabilidade, e efetuadas análises de comparação (teste t, similaridade, dissimilaridade e ANOSIM). No total, foram germinados 507 indivíduos distribuídos em 26 espécies, 17 gêneros e nove famílias. Considerando o CC, foram contabilizados 173 indivíduos e 12 táxons; para o PT, 180 indivíduos e 22 táxons; e para o PM foram 154 indivíduos e 14 táxons. Sete táxons foram semelhantes entre os três tratamentos, duas foram verificadas apenas no CC, sete apenas no PT e duas apenas no PM. A estruturação do banco de sementes variou de acordo com o sistema de manejo, no entanto as espécies com maior valor de importância foram iguais. A diversidade de plantas daninhas foi menor no esterco oriundo do gado confinado em curral. O esterco apresenta uma elevada riqueza de plantas daninhas, com variações na composição, estrutura e diversidade de espécies.

O banco de sementes do solo pode ser definido como o estoque de sementes presente no solo de uma determinada localidade. Apesar do crescimento de estudos sobre o tema nos últimos anos, poucos foram direcionados para o entendimento do banco de sementes em áreas invadidas por plantas exóticas. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o banco de sementes de ambientes com condições biológicas distintas no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana (PARNASI), SE. O estudo foi desenvolvido em dois ambientes no PARNASI: (i) Ambiente não invadido (ANI) - fragmento de Mata Atlântica em fase intermediária de sucessão ecológica, sem a presença de espécies não nativas; (ii) Ambiente invadido (AI) - ambiente com dominância de espécies não nativas. Foram coletadas 15 amostras de solo em cada ambiente estudado. A avaliação do banco de sementes foi realizada por meio da contabilização de plântulas emergidas. Para cada espécie foram calculados índices fitossociológicos usuais. Também foram realizadas análises estatísticas para comparar os resultados entre os ambientes. Foram amostrados 85 indivíduos pertencentes a 13 espécies no ANI e 409 indivíduos pertencentes a 30 espécies no AI. A composição de espécies, a estrutura e a diversidade foram diferentes nos ambientes estudados. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo sugerem que o ambiente invadido avaliado não compromete a formação do banco de sementes, mas inviabiliza o recrutamento das espécies nativas.