Today, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) have become an interesting research topic for developing Intelligent Transport Systems. In urban environments, vehicles move continuously and at different speeds, which leads to frequent changes in the network topology. The main issue faced in an urban scenario is the performance of routing protocols when delivering data from one vehicle to another. This paper introduces ECRDP, an Efficient Clustering Routing approach using a new clustering algorithm based on Density Peaks Clustering (DPC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). First, the PSO algorithm is applied to determine the cluster heads, or a new fitness function for finding the best solutions is formulated using the DPC algorithm. Next, clustering is performed based on the reliability of links parameter between vehicles. Then, a maintenance phase is proposed to update the cluster heads and redistribute the vehicles in the clusters. Finally, the effectiveness of the suggested scheme is evaluated by a simulation operated by MATLAB on a real urban scenario. The results achieved show an overall increase in stability, proven by a reduction in change rate by 74%, and an improvement in performance indicated by an increase in intra-cluster throughput by 34% and inter-cluster by 47%, as well as an overall reduction of average delay by 16%.

Mobile Learning (also known as m-learning) and game based learning (GBL) are two important elements in Technology-Enhanced Learning. By using mobile technology and benefiting from their features we can provide a pervasive learning without being restricted by time and space (Learning anywhere and anytime). GBL over the last decade has played an important role in increasing the motivation of the learner player through the integration of gamification into the learner’s learning process. The combination of the two elements gave birth to a new concept of educational system called Ubiquitous Learning Game (ULG). Mobile technologies are very diverse and market demands push the continued development of new technologies and features that present a big challenge in time and development costs. On the other hand creating a nice game for different player profiles requires the addition of the learner’s model in the design phase of the game. In this sense the main aim of this paper is to present the new architecture of the educational adventure games authoring tool and its implementation by addressing the different challenges already cited in order to generate an adaptive ULG for multiples mobile platforms.

Considerable attention has recently been given to the routing issue in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). Indeed, the repetitive communication failures and high velocity of vehicles reduce the efficacy of routing protocols in VANET. The clustering technique is considered an important solution to overcome these difficulties. In this paper, an efficient clustering approach using an adapted k-means algorithm for VANET has been introduced to enhance network stability in a highway environment. Our approach relies on a clustering scheme that accounts for the network characteristics and the number of connected vehicles. The simulation indicates that the proposed approach is more efficient than similar schemes. The results obtained appear an overall increase in constancy, proven by an increase in cluster head lifetime by 66%, and an improvement in robustness clear in the overall reduction of the end-to-end delay by 46% as well as an increase in throughput by 74%.

The convergence of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is giving rise to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), a key enabler of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of the architectural, communication, and computing foundations that support VANET–IoT integration. We examine the roles of cloud, edge, and in-vehicle computing, and compare major V2X and IoT communication technologies, including DSRC, C-V2X, MQTT, and CoAP. The survey highlights how sensing, communication, and distributed intelligence interact to support applications such as collision avoidance, cooperative perception, and smart traffic management. We identify four central challenges—security, scalability, interoperability, and energy constraints—and discuss how these issues shape system design across the network stack. In addition, we review emerging directions including 6G-enabled joint communication and sensing, reconfigurable surfaces, digital twins, and quantum-assisted optimization. The survey concludes by outlining open research questions and providing guidance for the development of reliable, efficient, and secure VANET–IoT systems capable of supporting future transportation networks.

Several studies have been conducted in the field of Technology Enhanced Learning(TEL) have shown that the adaptation to learner’s learning styles is a task that must be taken into account during the design phase of the educational sequences to increase the student’s motivation. Cognitive psychologists have proposed various models of style, which it’s often represented by using multiple dimensions statistically estimated, each model suggests an instrument for measuring an individual’s learning style. Most of them use questionnaires such as (Honey and Mumford (1992), Kolb (1984), Index of Learning Styles (ILS)). For this reason, the main aim of this paper is to show the results of a study that was addressed to doctoral students. The sample of the population was made up of 300 persons. The main finding of this paper is: • To illustrate the effectiveness of the French version of the Index Learning Styles (ILS) and uses factor analysis for an investigation into various dimensions to help students decrease the time spent on this test. • The generation of an adaptable learning game (LG) and the development of a new version of the eAdventure authoring tool based on E-ILS, capable of fixing learners’ preferences (desires, habits, etc.).