Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Marine green algae Caulerpa racemosa are rich in neuroactive lipids and fatty acid derivatives with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their integrated mechanistic potential against AD remains largely underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanisms of C. racemosa metabolites against AD using integrative metabolomics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro validation assays. Untargeted LC–HRMS profiling was performed to identify major metabolites in the ethanolic extract of C. racemosa. Neuroprotective targets were predicted via TargetNet, STRING, and Cytoscape (MCODE, CytoNCA). Functional enrichment was conducted using KEGG, GO (BP, MF, CC), and ClueGO. Molecular docking (CB-Dock2) validated compound–target interactions with ACHE, CHRM1, NOS1, and NOS2. Antioxidant (DPPH) and cholinesterase (AChE/BChE) inhibitory activities were evaluated in vitro. Metabolomic profiling identified lipid-dominant metabolites—oleamide, hexadecanamide, palmitoyl ethanolamide, α-linolenic acid, α-eleostearic acid, and 9-oxo-octadecadienoic acid. Network analysis revealed key AD-related hubs (ACHE, CHRM1, NOS1, NOS2) enriched in cholinergic regulation, arachidonic-acid metabolism, oxidative stress response, and nitric oxide signaling. Docking showed moderate multi-target affinities (−6.0 to −8.4 kcal/mol), with α-linolenic acid, α-eleostearic acid, and oxidized C18 lipids exhibiting the strongest interactions—particularly with ACHE and NOS isoforms. In vitro assays showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 120.97 ± 10.93 µg/mL) and cholinesterase inhibition (AChE IC₅₀ = 136.48 ± 1.70 µg/mL; BChE IC₅₀ = 145.98 ± 3.28 µg/mL), aligning with predicted multi-target interactions. C. racemosa extract exhibits neuroprotective potential through a synergistic combination of cholinergic modulation, antioxidant activity, NOS-mediated nitrosative stress reduction, and suppression of arachidonic-acid inflammatory pathways. These findings support C. racemosa as a promising marine-derived multi-target candidate for AD intervention, warranting further mechanistic and in vivo evaluation.

A severe neurodevelopmental disease called autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can start as early as birth or within the first 2.5 years of life. Deficits in communi A severe neurodevelopmental disease called autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can start as early as birth or within the first 2.5 years of life. Deficits in communi

Simulation of Boron Dose and Irradiation Time in Lung Cancer Treatment with Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Using MCNP-6

Thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) is widely used as a personal and medical dosimeter. Several TLD materials show the characteristics of mass energy absorption coefficient and energy response relative to ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements) issue material as an equivalent material for human body soft tissue. This research aims to analyze the effect of Dy3+ dopant on the mass-energy absorption coefficient and relative energy response of Lithium Magnesium Borate (LMB) materials. The simulation was carried out using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) software. Calculations based on simulation and theoretical results will be compared statistically using paired t-tests. The study showed that adding a Dy3+ dopant to TLD material made of Lithium Magnesium Borate (LMB) only affected the mass-energy absorption coefficient and relative energy response for low radiation energy. Adding Dy3+ dopant increased the mass energy absorption coefficient and relative energy response in a reasonably small value. Based on these results, LMBDy3+ produces a better mass-energy absorption coefficient value for TLD materials. The results of the statistical tests show a significant difference in the mass energy absorption coefficient value. At the same time, there is no significant difference between the simulation results and theoretical calculations for the relative energy response.

This research focuses on determining the CT number, which is the attenuation coefficient value of x-rays after passing through an organ. The level of energy attenuation depends on the initial energy of the x-rays and the atomic number of the object, which play a role in describing differences in the characteristics of organs or body tissues. This research aims to ensure the suitability of the CT number to obtain accurate information about CT scan images. Research procedures include observation, data collection, and data processing. The CT number data from the experimental results was then compared with the simulation results using IndoQCT software. The CT Number conformity test is carried out on a water phantom by adjusting the tube voltage, input current, and slice thickness. The Region of Interest (ROI) is made in the form of a circle at five measurement points, namely the central direction, 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 9 o'clock, and 12 o'clock. The research results, both direct testing and simulation using IndoQCT software, show that the CT number does not exceed the accuracy tolerance limit and uniformity, respectively, -4 ˂ HU ˂ +4 and -2 ˂ HU ˂ +2. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the CT number measurements in the Radiology Unit at the Yogyakarta PDHI Islamic Hospital meet the requirements of BAPETEN Perka Number 2 of 2018.