There is a growing awareness of the prevalence and negative health effects associated with traumatic events, including childhood abuse and adversity, intimate partner violence, adult sexual assault, and exposure to combat and community violence. Health care systems have attempted to address this link by becoming trauma informed through universal trauma precautions and screening protocols. We review several clinical and methodological concerns associated with universal trauma screening in adult health care settings including: deciding which traumas to assess in which populations, integrating retrospective recall with current functioning to facilitate referrals, and guarding against adverse patient reactions and insurance discrimination. We outline potential implications for program development and future research including: adapting and refining screening tools, integrating patient preferences and privacy concerns into screening protocols, assessing resource limitations, and integrating public health advocacy into screening programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual cramps) is one of the most common gynecological complaints in women and girls. Dysmenorrhea may be a condition itself or a result of another medical condition, including endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Research examining the relationship between menstrual pain ratings and catastrophizing has produced mixed results. Objective: To review and meta-analyze the relationship between catastrophizing and pain ratings of chronic cyclical pelvic pain. Design: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies that reported the relationship between menstrual/pelvic pain and catastrophizing were included. Study populations had to include healthy menstruating persons or persons with a condition associated with cyclical pelvic pain including primary dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and/or chronic pelvic pain. Data sources and methods: A systematic search of articles published since 2012 on PubMed, PsychInfo, CINHAL, and Medline was conducted in January and rerun in November of 2022. Search terms included cyclical pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, pelvic pain, and catastrophizing. Data extraction was completed independently by two extractors and cross-checked for errors. A random-effects meta-regression was used to synthesize the data using restricted maximum likelihood. Results: Twenty-five studies examining 4,540 participants were included. A random effects model found a meta-correlation between catastrophizing and pain of r = .31 (95% confidence interval: .23–.40) p < .001. Heterogeneity was large and significant ( I² = 84.5%, Q(24) = 155.16, p < .001). Studies that measured general pelvic pain rather than cyclical pelvic pain specifically and those that used multi-item rather than single-item measures of pain had significantly higher correlations. Age and depression did not moderate the relationship between catastrophizing and pain. Conclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis found that catastrophizing had a small but significant positive association with pain ratings. Patients experiencing cyclical pelvic pain may benefit from interventions targeting the psychological management of pain. Registration: This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO on 14 January 2022. Registration number: CRD42022295328.

To describe behavioral and genetic beliefs about developing hypertension (HTN) by sociodemographic factors and self-reported HTN status, and among those with a history of HTN, evaluate associations between HTN-related causal beliefs and behavior change attempts. Data from the 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey were evaluated. HTN causal beliefs questions included (a) "How much do you think health behaviors like diet, exercise, and smoking determine whether or not a person will develop high blood pressure/HTN?"; and (b) "How much do you think genetics, that is characteristics passed from one generation to the next, determine whether or not a person will develop high blood pressure/HTN?" Multivariate logistic regressions evaluated associations between HTN causal beliefs and behavior change attempts including diet, exercise, and weight management. Approximately 1,602 out of 3,555 respondents with nonmissing data (33% weighted) reported ever having HTN. In logistic regression models, results show that the more strongly people believed in the impact of behavior on developing HTN, the higher their odds for behavior change attempts. Beliefs about genetic causes of HTN were not associated with behavior change attempts. Women had higher odds of attempts to increase fruit and vegetable intake, reduce soda intake, and lose weight compared to men. Blacks and Hispanics were significantly more likely than Whites to report attempts to lose weight. Beliefs about behavioral causes of HTN, but not genetic, were associated with behavior change attempts. Health messages that incorporate behavioral beliefs and sociodemographic factors may enhance future prohealth behavior changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently comorbid with substance use disorder (SUD) in individuals seeking treatment for substance use. Further, SUD and PTSD are individually associated with cognitive impairment (CI) and poor treatment outcomes. Despite the frequent use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening tool for CI, the validity of the MoCA has not been established in individuals with comorbid SUD-PTSD. We assessed the criterion validity of the MoCA in 128 participants seeking inpatient medically-assisted detoxification using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) as a reference for CI. The correlation between the RBANS and MoCA was weaker in those with SUD-PTSD (r = .32) relative to SUD alone (r = .56). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that the MoCA had moderate-to-high ability to discriminate CI in individuals with SUD alone, with an area under the ROC curve of .82 (95% CI .69-.92) and optimal cutoff score of ≤23. However, in individuals with comorbid SUD-PTSD, the ROC analysis was not significant. Results suggest that PTSD, when comorbid with SUD, reduces the criterion-related validity of the MoCA. We recommend exercising caution when classifying CI in individuals with SUD-PTSD using the MoCA and suggest reducing the cutoff score to ≤23 in order to limit the rate of false-positive CI diagnoses in SUD-PTSD populations.