Background/Objectives: Combined chromosome 7 gain and chromosome 10 loss (+7/−10) is the most frequent cytogenetic alteration and a defining diagnostic criterion for isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (IDHwt) glioblastoma. Despite the association with poor prognosis, its clinical and therapeutic significance remains unclear. We aim to systematically review its clinical significance, focusing on prevalence, prognostic value, and potential association with therapeutic resistance in adult patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 2025, using controlled vocabulary and free-text terms. Eligible studies included adult glioblastoma with molecular confirmation of combined chromosome 7 gain and chromosome 10 loss and reported survival or treatment response. Quality was assessed qualitatively, and findings were synthesized descriptively. Results: Of 3249 records, 5 observational studies (523 patients) were included. The signature was present in 60% to 70% of glioblastoma cases and frequently co-occurred with epidermal growth factor receptor amplification and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations. This alteration was consistently associated with shorter survival (mean, 8–70 weeks) compared with tumors lacking the alteration (19–170 weeks). In one study, the signature was more common in radioresistant tumors (9/20 vs. 1/10). Molecular evidence suggests that this alteration arises early in tumorigenesis. Conclusions: The +7/−10 cytogenetic alteration, common in glioblastoma, is frequently associated with aggressive clinical behavior. While exploratory data suggest a possible association with radiotherapy response, current evidence is insufficient to establish a predictive or therapeutic role. Its principal clinical value lies in diagnosis, molecular classification, and risk stratification. Incorporating cytogenetic testing for this alteration into routine glioblastoma workup may improve risk stratification and guide individualized management.

Background: CNS infections are a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical countries like Colombia, where parasitic, bacterial, and fungal pathogens are highly prevalent. Some of these infections require neurosurgical interventions; nevertheless, national data on their epidemiology remain limited.Methods: An ecological study using secondary data from the SISPRO database was conducted, including patients aged 0-100 years diagnosed with CNS infections with potential surgical management or requiring neurosurgical intervention between January 2017 and December 2023. Diagnoses were identified using ICD-10 codes and categorized as etiological agents (EA) or nonetiological/syndromic (NE/S). Prevalence was estimated by year, pathogen type, age group, and geographic region using official population data from DANE.FindingsA nationwide prevalence of 28.01/100,000 was found with an underreporting rate of 19.1%. When adjusting for underreporting, at 34.63/100,000. 34 ICD-10 diagnostic codes were analyzed (26 EA and 8 NE/S). EA diagnoses peaked in 2019 (34·45/100,000) and declined after 2020, possibly due t: the COVID-19 pandemic. Parasitic infections were the most prevalent (peak: 26·11 per 100,000), particularly in children and in Chocó and Nariño departments. Bacterial and fungal infections increased with age. NE/S diagnoses were more common in older adults and regions with limited diagnostic access. Regional disparities were observed, with higher EA prevalence in Orinoquía and the Pacific, and higher NE/S prevalence in the Andean and Caribbean regions. Interpretation: Findings highlight the predominance of parasitic etiologies, age-related trends, and significant regional disparities. Improved diagnostic infrastructure, enhanced neurosurgical access, and strengthened surveillance systems are essential to address the burden of CNS infections in vulnerable populations.