Background: To study the relationship between serum vitamin A (VA) level and blood lipid profiles in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years, as well as the effect of VA on dyslipidemia. Methods: The project adopted a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain dietary factors data. Blood samples of subjects were taken via venipuncture. Generalized linear models were used to explore the correlation be-tween VA and biochemical indicators, as well as stratified and inter-actions analysis to explore the influence of confounders on these relationships. Generalized linear models were constructed to explore the association between VA and blood lipids. Restricted cubic splines were used to characterize dose–response associations between serum VA and dyslipidemia based on logistic regression. Results: Serum VA was positively correlated with TC, TG and HDL-C (p < 0.05), but these associations were influenced by age (p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) values of VA for hypercho lesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were 3.283, 3.239, 5.219 and 0.346, respectively (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, significant age interactions affected the relationship between VA and TC, as well as TG and LDL-C (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Serum VA was positively correlated with blood lipids, but these associations were influenced by age. VA was a risk factor for dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, but was a protective factor for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.

Sapovirus (SaV) is a major pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. This study investigates the prevalence and the genetic characteristics of SaV in Shandong Province during 2022–2023, based on a surveillance network covering all age groups. Samples were obtained from a viral diarrhea surveillance network in Shandong Province during 2022–2023. SaVs were identified through quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were performed on positive samples, and whole-genome sequencing was conducted using metagenomic sequencing technology. Sequence analysis was conducted using BioEdit 7.0.9.0 and MEGA X, while statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0. A total of 157 SaV-positive cases were identified, resulting in a positivity rate of 1.12%. The positivity rate for SaV was 0.75% in 2022 and it increased significantly to 1.42% in 2023. The highest positivity rates for both 2022 and 2023 were observed in November. The highest positivity rate was observed in the 3–5-year-old age group. In 2022, Dongying City had the highest positivity rate, while Zaozhuang City exhibited the highest rate in 2023. The incidence of vomiting in SaV-positive patients was significantly higher compared to SaV-negative patients (P = 0.002). Eight genotypes were identified in both the VP1 and RdRp regions. The complete genome sequence analysis of a GI.3 strain showed that NS1 (5.88%, 4/68) was the region most prone to amino acid variation, followed by VP2 (5.45%, 9/165) within the same genotype. SaV infections are more prevalent in cold weather, with young children being particularly susceptible. The SaV positivity rate in 2023 increased significantly accompanied by an increased diversity of genotypes, compared to that of 2022. The NS1 region exhibits the biggest variation within the same genotype, indicating that more attention should be paid to other regions besides VP1 in the future study. Ongoing surveillance of SaV is recommended for effective prevention and control.

Fatigue and psychological distress are prevalent symptoms in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but the psychological mechanisms underlying these symptoms are not well understood. Cognitive decline and psychological flexibility may play significant roles in the emotional regulation processes associated with fatigue and psychological distress. This study aimed to explore whether cognitive decline mediates the association between fatigue and psychological distress, and whether mental flexibility plays a moderating role in this mediating effect. A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of 283 HD patients was conducted. Participants completed a self-administered, structured questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic and clinical variables, fatigue, cognitive decline, psychological flexibility, and psychological distress. The mediation analysis revealed that cognitive decline partially mediated the relationship between fatigue and psychological distress. Moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological flexibility significantly moderated both the direct effects of fatigue and cognitive decline on psychological distress, as well as the indirect effect of fatigue on psychological distress through cognitive decline. Specifically, as levels of psychological flexibility increased, both the direct and indirect effects decreased significantly. The results show that psychological flexibility plays an important role in buffering the negative effects of fatigue and cognitive decline on psychological distress. Moreover, these findings suggest that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention in HD patients can help maintain their mental health. Not applicable.

The emergence of bla _NDM / mcr-1 -positive Escherichia coli poses a huge challenge to infection control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the plasmid and genomic characteristics of bla _NDM / mcr-1 -positive E. coli isolates from the gut of healthy individuals. This study performed drug susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), analysis of resistance genes, characterization of plasmids, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis on bla _NDM / mcr-1 -positive E. coli isolates collected from the gut of 628 healthy individuals. Our results showed that all seven isolates were extensively drug-resistant, with susceptibility only to tigecycline and streptomycin. Notably, WGS revealed that bla _NDM and mcr-1 were located on transferable plasmids, and SNP analysis placed the isolates in five distinct clades. These findings underscore the need for surveillance to monitor dissemination among healthy populations. IMPORTANCE: This study reports isolation of Escherichia coli strains coharboring the critical resistance genes bla _NDM (carbapenemase) and mcr-1 (colistin resistance) from the guts of healthy individuals (rural China). All seven isolates were extensively drug resistant, susceptible only to tigecycline and streptomycin. Crucially, both resistance genes were located on transferable plasmids, demonstrating potential for horizontal spread. Genomic analysis revealed diverse strains and plasmid types carrying these genes within mobile genetic contexts. This discovery identifies healthy human carriers as a significant reservoir for pan-resistant bacteria, posing severe public health challenges and necessitating urgent surveillance in endemic areas.

Introduction: Mosquitoes are major vectors of various human pathogenic viruses, posing a significant and evolving public health threat. This is particularly true for China’s Shandong Province, which documented its northernmost local dengue fever outbreak in 2017, highlighting its vulnerability to sustained mosquito-borne disease transmission. In the context of the lack of universal vaccines, enhancing surveillance to inform precision control is critical. This study aims to characterize the population dynamics, seasonal patterns, and long-term trends of vector mosquitoes in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2024, thereby generating actionable evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: Mosquito surveillance data collected across Shandong Province from 2018 to 2024 were systematically analyzed. The composition of mosquito vector assemblages was quantified and applied an integrated analytical framework: Degree of seasonal aggregation of mosquito populations were quantified using the concentration method, and peak timing, along with peak activity periods, was determined through circular statistical analysis. And the Joinpoint regression model was used to evaluate long-term trends in abundance and identify significant changes over the study period. Results: During the entire research period, Culex pipiens pallens was the predominant species in the monitoring work conducted in Shandong Province. From 2018 to 2024, the overall concentration degree of mosquito density in Shandong Province was M = 0.737, with γ = 0.722 (p < 0.05). The population peak occurred on July 30, and the peak activity period extended from June 13 to September 15. Significant regional variation was observed. The peak day occurred earliest in Linyi City, while Weihai recorded the latest peak day. From a long-term perspective, the province’s mosquito density exhibited a non-significant downward trend. Significant divergence in trends was observed between cities: Jinan, Yantai and Liaocheng exhibited marked decreases, whereas Weihai, Rizhao and Linyi showed significant increases. Conclusions: Vector mosquito populations in Shandong Province show distinct seasonal, with peak activity concentrated from mid-June to mid-September. Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species. And regarding long-term trends, variations exist in mosquito density across cities within Shandong. These findings highlight the need for region-specific control measures and sustained surveillance to support precise prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.