This paper examines business performance and crisis‐mitigation strategies among micro, small, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We utilise a new primary dataset based on administrative records, survey data, and follow‐up interviews with merchants using the digital application GoFood, an on‐demand cooked food delivery service. Three empirical findings emerge: first, the overall employment size of women‐owned businesses shrank more than men‐owned businesses after the onset of the pandemic; second, women were more likely than men to cut personal expenditures and use government assistance as crisis‐mitigation strategies; and third, competition increased sharply as new merchants entered the platform, with the service areas of both incumbents and entrants shrinking over time. These results have implications for policies on womenʼs entrepreneurship, the uptake of business development services, and financing programs for MSMEs.

Background: Improving container terminal efficiency requires a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between vessel, truck, and container operations, yet existing studies often analyzed these components separately. In Japanese container terminals, where digitalization initiatives are progressing, empirical evidence based on integrated operational data remains limited. Methods: This study empirically analyzes turnaround times for vessels, trucks, and containers at five major Japanese container terminals using a composite dataset that integrates terminal operating system data, automatic identification system data, and liner service information. Descriptive statistical analyses and regression models are applied to examine vessel berthing time, truck arrival patterns and turnaround time, container dwell time within terminals, and container round-trip time outside terminals. Results: The analysis reveals distinct temporal patterns in terminal operations, including systematic morning–afternoon asymmetries and differences across cargo flows. Truck turnaround times increase with vessel calls and vary by time of day, while container dwell times are strongly influenced by terminal policies such as free-time rules. Regression analyses indicate that turnaround times are primarily affected by terminal-controlled factors. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of synchronizing quayside and landside operations. The study contributes integrated empirical evidence to the port digitalization literature and provides actionable insights for enhancing container terminal efficiency.