Digital health and artificial intelligence (AI) have been evolving rapidly in recent years. These are the new reality that will bring improvements and innovations to the healthcare sector. It will support the work of health professionals and bring new hope to patients to improve their health. The aim of the current study is to investigate the application of artificial intelligence in medicine. In recent years the innovations in the health sector are immense. The digitalization of information in medicine creates many new opportunities for improving and perfecting the healthcare sector and providing health services at a very high level. AI is successfully implemented in medicine and dental medicine education. Artificial intelligence and digital health are one step forward in modernizing and improving the educational and healthcare system, which would benefit both physicians and patients.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very commonly spread disease, not only in Bulgaria, but all over the world. One of the reasons for this is that patients suffering from OSA find it difficult to share their problem with their treating doctor (sleep doctor or ENT specialist). Doctor-patient communication is extremely important when gaining the patient'’s trust, for the early detection and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep disorders lead to a decrease in the quality of life, due to frequent anxiety, fatigue, depressive states, reduced cognitive and motor functions, lack of energy, headaches and sleepiness throughout the day. Improving the quality of life of patients is a primary goal of the health care system, which is conveyed in patient care aimed at reducing or eliminating the effects of diseases and their associated negative psychological and social effects. Prevention, screening and effective communication with the patient are extremely important for a successful diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.

Background/Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects approximately 1 billion adults worldwide with extensive comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cognitive decline, yet pharmacological therapies remain limited. Conventional bottom-up omics approaches identify numerous genes overlapping with other diseases, hindering therapeutic translation. This study introduces a top-down, comorbidity-driven approach to identify actionable molecular targets and develop rational dual kinase inhibitors for OSA management. Methods: We implemented a five-tier modeling workflow: (1) comorbidity network analysis, (2) disease module identification through NetworkAnalyst, (3) mechanistic pathway reconstruction of the CK1δ-(HIF1A)-PINK1 signaling cascade, (4) molecular docking analysis of Nigella sativa alkaloids and reference inhibitors (IC261, PF-670462) against CK1δ (PDB: 3UYS) and PINK1 (PDB: 5OAT) using AutoDock Vina, and (5) rational design and computational validation of novel dual inhibitors (ICL, PFL) integrating pharmacophoric features from natural alkaloids and established kinase inhibitors. Results: Extensive network analysis revealed a discrete OSA disease module centered on two interconnected protein kinases—CK1δ and PINK1—that mechanistically bridge circadian disruption and neurodegeneration. Among natural alkaloids, Nigellidine showed strongest CK1δ binding (−8.0 kcal/mol) and Nigellicine strongest PINK1 binding (−8.6 kcal/mol). Rationally designed dual inhibitors demonstrated superior binding: ICL (−7.2 kcal/mol PINK1, −8.9 kcal/mol CK1δ) and PFL (−10.8 kcal/mol CK1δ, −11.2 kcal/mol PINK1), representing −2.6–2.8 kcal/mol improvements over reference compounds. Conclusions: This study establishes a comorbidity-driven translational framework identifying the CK1δ-PINK1 axis as a therapeutic target in OSA. The rationally designed dual inhibitors represent third-generation precision therapeutics addressing OSA’s multi-dimensional pathophysiology, while the five-tier workflow provides a generalizable template for drug discovery in complex multimorbid diseases.

Human posture is defined as any position that determines the balance with maximum stability, minimum energy consumption and minimum stress on the anatomical structures. Research done on posture makes authors look at the postural system as a whole. The aim of this article is to preview the connections between dentistry, postural science and vestibulogy. Scientific databases – Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed were used for the research, with the following keywords – posturology, vertigo, dental medicine, orthodontics, pathological bite, for the 2000–2020-time period. Apart from scientific articles, information from different symposiums and lectures was included. The target was to briefly point out and summarize the most important relations between the topics. Posture is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS), leading to postural corrections. They are the result of a complex system of mechanisms, controlled by multisensory CNS-integrated inputs. The fine postural system (FPS) aims to maintain balance in the most economical way possible. Stomatognathic system is another functional unit, connected to postural system. The science that studies human posture is called posturology and is a part of integrative medicine. Integrative clinical posturology is a complex, multidisciplinary science that uses various investigation methods in several stages: detailed anamnesis; An in-depth posturological examination – including measurements and tests – for vestibular and visual function and stabilometry. In conclusion, it can be said that posturology is a modern and, at the same time, an ancient constantly evolving, interdisciplinary, “borderline” science. It unites different specialists and helps to build an individual approach to each patient, providing a higher quality of life. There is a connection between vestibular disorders, posturological science and dentistry. Through the methods of the science for posture, occurring disorders can be detected at a much earlier stage and appearance of severe pathology prevented.

Introduction: Human posture is linked to a certain stable anatomic position between head, body, and upper and lower limbs. Posturology is the science for the human posture. The connections between the vestibular, ocular, stomatognathic, postural, and proprioceptive systems are studied due to their muscular chains interconnections. Aim: The present research aims to study the characteristics of the body’s balance in patients with vestibular disorders and orthodontic malocclusions, utilizing the PODATA platform. Materials and Methods: A total of 83 patients in the time period November–July 2022 were included. All patients filled out written informed consent forms in order to participate. The study received approval by the Medical University of Varna’s Ethics Committee. Patients were also provided with questionnaires in order to assess their symptoms. An ENT specialist and a dentist examined all patients. Patients were divided into several diagnostic groups. Results: When examined on the platform, patients shifted the center of gravity (CoG) of the body more often backwards and to the right side. Most patients with a shift of CoG backwards and to the right had a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) on the left side. Female patients were more affected than male ones. In patients who also had a vestibular disorder, CoG of the body was more often shifted backwards and to the right. Thirty-one had a malocclusion. Patients with a change of the middle line and deep bite were the most prevalent and they shifted CoG backward and to the right or only backwards. Conclusion: The presented study confirmed that there is a connection between the postural, stomatognathic and vestibular systems. Disorders in either of the systems results in consecutive changes in the others.

Obstructive sleep apnea, comorbidity, and impact on the person’s overall health